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Level 3 Criminology > AC2.3 Sociological theories of criminality > Flashcards

AC2.3 Sociological theories of criminality Flashcards

1
Q

What do functionalist see society as?

A

They see society as a system- a structure of parts that for together as a whole unit, like the heart, lungs and other parts of the body

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2
Q

When does crime become dysfunctional?

A

When the rate is too high or too low
Crime is inevitable
Crime is functional

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3
Q

What is a collective sentiment?

A

Widespread agreement on moral beliefs, norms and values that bind people together, build social cohesion and regulate the behaviour of individuals

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4
Q

If collective sentiments are too strong what will happen?

A

Nothing will change

E.g. if everyone agrees with law

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5
Q

If collective sentiment is too weak what will happen?

A

Chaos and anarchy

E.g. most people agree with the law

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6
Q

When does social change occur?

A

Social change occurs when new functions emerge or when a society needs to adapt to change

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7
Q

What are the three types of function?

A
  1. Manifest functions
  2. Latent functions
  3. Dysfunction
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8
Q

What is a manifest function?

A

Those that are obvious

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9
Q

What is the manifest function of a prison?

A

To punish offenders and employ staff

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10
Q

What is a latent function?

A

Those that are not so obvious

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11
Q

What is a latent function of a prison?

A

To enable staff to form relationships with one another

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12
Q

What is dysfunction?

A

When some parts of the social structure don’t work as intended

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13
Q

What would constitute a dysfunctional prison?

A

One where access to drugs is easier, prisoners escape, prison riots occur often, violence is out of control

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14
Q

What is crime according to Durkheim?

A

Crime is necessary for any society- it has a positive function within society

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15
Q

What is an anomie?

A

Loss of shared principles or norms

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16
Q

What is the strain theory?

A

A development of functionalism
A strive for material success.
Society encourages us to subscribe to the goals of material success, but society cannot provide the legitimate means for us all to achieve such successes.

17
Q

What can people do if they do not achieve their goals?

A

Become ritualistic, where sight of goal is lost
Become retreatists and drop out of conventional society
Become rebels

18
Q

What is a retreatist?

A

Rejection of society’s prescribed goals and means of attaining them

19
Q

Define ritualistic

A

Performing in the same way

20
Q

What did Karl Marx state

A

That the economy is the driving force in society

21
Q

What is the economic base?

A

It determines how society operates

The economic base underpins everything else in society (superstructure)

22
Q

Examples of an economic base

A

Means

Relations of production

23
Q

Examples of the superstructure of society

A 
Family 
Religion 
Law
Media 
Education
24
Q

What does the economic base consist of?

A
  1. The means of production

2. The relations of production

25
Q

What is the means of production?

A 
Land
Factories 
Raw materials 
Technology 
Labour
26
Q

What are the relations of production?

A

Who controls production?
State controlled, privately owned, shared ownership
Relation between owners/ controller and non-owners

27
Q

What is a primitive society?

A

Only enough to survive is produced
All people are workers
All people are in the same economic level

28
Q

What is a complex society?

A

Produce more than is needed
Some sections of the society do not need to work
Society is divided into two classes e.g. land owners/ peasants

29
Q

What are the two classes that society can be divided into?

A

Owners/ Capitalists and Non-owners of the means of production

30
Q

What is interactionism?

A

How people in society interact with one another

31
Q

What did Howard Becker use the labelling theory to explain criminality?

A

The Labelling theory

32
Q

What did Becker put forward?

A

That crime is a subjective concept; agents of social control, such as the police and judges label certain acts as deceit to or criminal

33
Q

What is primary deviance?

A

An act of deviance that has not been socially labelled as deviant

34
Q

What is secondary deviance?

A

An act that has been labelled as deviant

35
Q

What happens once an act has been labelled as deviant?

A

The deviant person starts to view themselves as a deviant

This becomes Their master status and can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy.

36
Q

What is right realism?

A

Considers crime from the perspective of political conservatism, with the standpoint of getting tough on crime

Level 3 Criminology (10 decks)

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