AC1.1 Compare criminal behaviour and deviance Flashcards
What is the social definition of crime?
An activity that offends the social code of a community
Mower (1959) defined as “anti-social act”
What is the legal definition of crime?
Tappan (1947) “Crime is an intentional act in violation of the criminal law, committed without defence or excuse and penalised by the state”
What are the six types of criminal act?
- Fatal offences against a person
- Non-fatal offences against a person
- Offences against property
- Sexual offences
- Public order offences
- Drug offences
Give examples of a fatal offence again the person
Murder
Manslaughter
Give examples of non-fatal offences again let the person
Assault
Battery
ABH
GBH
Give examples of offences against property
Theft
Robbery
Burglary
Give examples of sexual offences
Rape
Indecent assault
Give example of public order offences
Riot
Affray
Violent disorder
Give examples of drug offences
Possession of controlled drug
Possession with intent to supply
What are the non-court formal sanctions of crime?
Cautions
Conditional cautions
Penalty notices
Explain ‘cautions’ of a formal non-court sanction for crime
For minor crimes such as graffiti
No criminal conviction but you have to admit to the crime and agree to the caution or you’ll be arrested
Explain ‘conditioned cautions’ as a formal non-court sanction for crime
Rules and restrictions are imposed
E.g. getting drug treatment
Explain ‘penalty notices’ as a formal non-court sanction for crime
For shoplifter, possession of cannabis or being drunk and disorderly in public
Only for those aged 18 and older
What are the four formal court sanctions for crime?
- Custodial sentences
- Community sentences
- Fines
- Discharge
Explain ‘custodial sentences’ as a formal court sanction for crime
Examples of a custodial sentence are: Prisons Youth offender institutions Secure psychiatric hospitals These could be indeterminate, minimum, fixed term, mandatory or discretionary
Explain ‘community sentences’ as a formal court sanction for crime
Unpaid work, probation, curfew, drug testing orders , drug treatment orders
Explain ‘fines’ as a formal court sanction for crime
The amount depends on the seriousness of the crime
Explain ‘discharge’ as a formal court sanction for crime
There are two types of discharge; conditional and absolute
Conditional:
Any re-offence in a set time period produces an alternative sentence
Absolute:
No conditions imposed- defendant is technically guilty but morally blameless
What is a conditional discharge?
Re-offence in a set time period produces an alternative sentence
What is an absolute discharge?
No conditions imposed- defendant is technically guilty but morally blameless
What is deviance?
Rule- breaking behaviour that fails to conform to the norms of society
What are norms?
What people in society see as normal behaviour
Social expectations that guide behaviour
What are moral codes?
‘Good’ ways of behaving
Breaking these moral codes are serious in societies
What are values?
Rules shared by most people in a given culture
What people feel should happen
What is formal social control?
Carried out by an agencies
Primary purpose is to make sure people conform to a set of norms
E.g. the law
What formal sanctions for deviance are there?
Fines
Imprisonment
Death penalty
What is informal social control ?
Social control institutions Primary purpose to not social control E.g. The education system Family Religion
What informal sanctions are there?
Shunning Verbal criticism Grounding Tutting Kissing teeth
What are the three forms of deviance?
Admired behaviour
Odd (eccentric) behaviour
Bad behaviour
Explain ‘admires behaviour’ as a type of deviance
Saving a life by putting own at risk
Positive
Explain ‘odd behaviour’ as a type of deviance
Living with a higher amount of cats
Could be positive or negative
Explain ‘bad behaviour’ as a type of deviance
Assaulting someone
Negative
