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Level 3 Criminology > AC1.1 Compare criminal behaviour and deviance > Flashcards

AC1.1 Compare criminal behaviour and deviance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the social definition of crime?

A

An activity that offends the social code of a community

Mower (1959) defined as “anti-social act”

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2
Q

What is the legal definition of crime?

A

Tappan (1947) “Crime is an intentional act in violation of the criminal law, committed without defence or excuse and penalised by the state”

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3
Q

What are the six types of criminal act?

A
  1. Fatal offences against a person
  2. Non-fatal offences against a person
  3. Offences against property
  4. Sexual offences
  5. Public order offences
  6. Drug offences
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4
Q

Give examples of a fatal offence again the person

A

Murder

Manslaughter

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5
Q

Give examples of non-fatal offences again let the person

A

Assault
Battery
ABH
GBH

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6
Q

Give examples of offences against property

A

Theft
Robbery
Burglary

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7
Q

Give examples of sexual offences

A

Rape

Indecent assault

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8
Q

Give example of public order offences

A

Riot
Affray
Violent disorder

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9
Q

Give examples of drug offences

A

Possession of controlled drug

Possession with intent to supply

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10
Q

What are the non-court formal sanctions of crime?

A

Cautions
Conditional cautions
Penalty notices

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11
Q

Explain ‘cautions’ of a formal non-court sanction for crime

A

For minor crimes such as graffiti

No criminal conviction but you have to admit to the crime and agree to the caution or you’ll be arrested

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12
Q

Explain ‘conditioned cautions’ as a formal non-court sanction for crime

A

Rules and restrictions are imposed

E.g. getting drug treatment

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13
Q

Explain ‘penalty notices’ as a formal non-court sanction for crime

A

For shoplifter, possession of cannabis or being drunk and disorderly in public
Only for those aged 18 and older

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14
Q

What are the four formal court sanctions for crime?

A
  1. Custodial sentences
  2. Community sentences
  3. Fines
  4. Discharge
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15
Q

Explain ‘custodial sentences’ as a formal court sanction for crime

A 
Examples of a custodial sentence are:
Prisons 
Youth offender institutions 
Secure psychiatric hospitals 
These could be indeterminate, minimum, fixed term, mandatory or discretionary
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16
Q

Explain ‘community sentences’ as a formal court sanction for crime

A

Unpaid work, probation, curfew, drug testing orders , drug treatment orders

17
Q

Explain ‘fines’ as a formal court sanction for crime

A

The amount depends on the seriousness of the crime

18
Q

Explain ‘discharge’ as a formal court sanction for crime

A

There are two types of discharge; conditional and absolute
Conditional:
Any re-offence in a set time period produces an alternative sentence
Absolute:
No conditions imposed- defendant is technically guilty but morally blameless

19
Q

What is a conditional discharge?

A

Re-offence in a set time period produces an alternative sentence

20
Q

What is an absolute discharge?

A

No conditions imposed- defendant is technically guilty but morally blameless

21
Q

What is deviance?

A

Rule- breaking behaviour that fails to conform to the norms of society

22
Q

What are norms?

A

What people in society see as normal behaviour

Social expectations that guide behaviour

23
Q

What are moral codes?

A

‘Good’ ways of behaving

Breaking these moral codes are serious in societies

24
Q

What are values?

A

Rules shared by most people in a given culture

What people feel should happen

25
Q

What is formal social control?

A

Carried out by an agencies
Primary purpose is to make sure people conform to a set of norms
E.g. the law

26
Q

What formal sanctions for deviance are there?

A

Fines
Imprisonment
Death penalty

27
Q

What is informal social control ?

A 
Social control institutions 
Primary purpose to not social control 
E.g. 
The education system 
Family 
Religion
28
Q

What informal sanctions are there?

A 
Shunning 
Verbal criticism 
Grounding 
Tutting 
Kissing teeth
29
Q

What are the three forms of deviance?

A

Admired behaviour
Odd (eccentric) behaviour
Bad behaviour

30
Q

Explain ‘admires behaviour’ as a type of deviance

A

Saving a life by putting own at risk

Positive

31
Q

Explain ‘odd behaviour’ as a type of deviance

A

Living with a higher amount of cats

Could be positive or negative

32
Q

Explain ‘bad behaviour’ as a type of deviance

A

Assaulting someone

Negative

Level 3 Criminology (10 decks)

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