AC2.2- Individualistic theories Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three individualistic: learning theories in criminology?

A
  1. Skinner - Operant conditioning
  2. Bandura - Social Learning Theory
  3. Sutherlands differential association theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the learning theories based on?

A

The assumption that criminal behaviour is learned in the same way as any other behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What did Bandura propose?

A

That aggression can be learned from watching others behave in an aggressive manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What research did Bandura carry out?

A

The Bobo doll experiment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 things are said to produce violent and aggressive behaviour?

A
  1. Arousal event
  2. Pro-violence values
  3. Expected success or rewards
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What did Bandura state about imitation?

A

Much of our behaviour is learned from imitating models. We are more likely to imitate people who have a higher status to us or who are being rewarded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What two researchers supported Bandura’s study?

A
  1. Sutherland 1992

2. Osborn and West 1979

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Osborn and West 1979 research?

A
  • Researched into the sons of criminal fathers and compared it to a control group
  • Criminal conviction = 40% of sons had one by 18
  • Control group = 13% of sons had one by 18
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Using the term ‘controlled variables’ state a strength into SLT.

A

Variables such as age and gender were controlled which allows the study to be easily replicable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the key idea of Skinner: Operant conditioning?

A

If a behaviour results in a reward (positive reinforcement) the behaviour will be repeated. If a behaviour results in an undesired outcome (punishment), it will not be repeated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Jeffrey’s differential reinforcement theory?

A

Crime must have more rewards for criminals than punishments for them to commit the crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is meant by negative reinforcement?

A

Behaviour that switches off an unpleasant stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is meant by positive reinforcement?

A

Behaviour that leads to gaining a reward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is meant by vicarious reinforcement?

A

Learning takes place through observing the consequences of a role model’s actions - reward and punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does differential association theory propose?

A

Individuals learn their attitudes, values, techniques and motives from others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is learned through differential association theory?

A
  • Attitudes towards crime
17
Q

What is a potential criminal?

A

Somebody that has learned pro-criminal behaviour

18
Q

Who is criminal behaviour learnt from?

A

Those around us