AC2.1 Flashcards
What are norms
“An acceptable standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with”
What is a deviant
“Used to describe a person or behaviour that is not usual and is generally considered to be unacceptable”
What are the two types of social control
Individual and organisation
When is social control necessary
In order to have desired behaviour from the individuals and enable them to develop social qualities
What is the BUT in social control
There are some deviations from group norms in every group. Any deviations beyond a certain degree of tolerance is met with resistance in the form of sanctions
What are sanctions
Can be rewards or punishment are applied to control the behaviour of the individual and to Bruno the nonconformist
What did the theorist Edward Ross categorised with social control theory
Social control can be categorised as internal and external
What did Edward Ross describe of social control theory
Serval means that have been used by social groups throughout the human history to keep individuals.
What keeps individual under control
Public opinion- if murder wasn’t a law the PO would be it is wrong
Law
Custom
Religion
Morality
Personality
Folkways and mores
What is rational ideology
On the idea that we things about the consequences before we act. Weigh up the costs and benefits to our actions
What is our perception of costs and benefits of rational ideology
It comes from our sense of guilt, worry, anxiety which develops through socialisation
What does Freud think
We conform to society’s expectations and obey rules bc our superego tell us to to is our moral conscience
What are internalisation of social rules
We learn rules through socialisation in schools and families and later through media, religion, workplace, peers etc.
What are the two external forms of social control
Coercion and fear of punishment
What is coercion
Practice of persuading someone to do something through force like physical punishment, imprisonment, suspended sentences
What are the two types of deterrence with fear of punishment
Individual and general deterrence
What is individual deterrence
Fear of punishment you know you will get if you commit a crime
What is general deterrence
Harsh punishment given to individuals to deter others from doing the same
When was control theory developed
1960s and 1970s, attempts to explain ways to train people to engage in law - abiding behaviour
What is the view of control theory
Human require nurturing in order to develop attachments or bonds to people and that person bonds are key in producing internal controls such as conscience and guilt and external controls such as shame
With control theory crime is the result of what
Insufficient attachment and commitment to others
What theory did Walter C. Reckless make
Containment theory
What did he conduct for containment theory
A study in Ohio where he looked why some boys in ‘ high delinquent environment’, were not delinquent
What can we resist in containment theory
Resist committing crime due to inner control ( inner containment) and outer control ( outer containment )
