Ac2.1 Flashcards
What is social control
- for society to function smoothly, people need to behave more/ less as others expect them to.
- social control involved persuading/compelling people to conform to society’s norms, laws and expectations
- social control is split into internal and external formal
Internal forms of social control
These are controls over our behaviour that come from within ourselves - from our personalities and our values.
Name the factors that act as internal forms of social control (7)
Religion
Culture
Upbringing
Traditions
Conscience
Rational ideology
Internalisation of social rules
Traditions & cultures
Religion
Individuals follow religious traditions that they have been raised in e.g muslim tradition of fasting during ramandan
Traditions & cultures
Cultures
The cultures we belong to becomes part of us through socialisation
Traditions & cultures
Upbringing
Upbringing, especially parental authority, has a major influence on why we abide by the law
Traditions & cultures
Traditions
Linked to our upbringing, traditions have conditioned us to know how to behave and not to commit crimes
Freud’s psychoanalytical theory - the superego
- we conform to society’s expectations + obey its rules because our superego tells us to do so
- the superego tells us what is right and wrong and inflicts guilt feelings on us if we fail to do as it urges
- our superego develops through early socialisation within the family, an internalised ‘nagging parent’ telling us how we ought to behave
- it’s function is to restrain the selfish, ‘animal’ urges of the ID
Sigmand Freud - conscience
-Our conscience tells us that we should not commit crime as it is wrong
- Our conscience is linked to our religion, upbringing and traditions
- Your conscience, with feelings of guilt, anxiety or worry from within, guides you to reach a solution or follow laws/rules
Internalisation of social rules and morality
Name the two
Socialisation
Rational ideology
Internalisation of social rules and morality
Socialisation
internalise rules through the process of socialisation (primary and secondary) - parents/social groups/ institutions e.g. religion, school, peer groups
Society’s rules and moral codes become our own personal rules and moral code
Internalisation of social rules and morality
Rational ideology
- We internalise social rules and use them to tell us what is right/wrong
- This helps us keep within the law
External forms of social control
society has external forms of control that aim to ensure we conform to its expectations and keep to its rules. Society does this through agencies of social control.
External forms of social control
Name them
Family
Peer groups
Education system
Criminal justice system
CCTV
religious leaders
External forms of social control
Family
Give informal sanctions, telling off/being grounded for bad behaviour
External forms of social control
Peer groups
Give informal sanctions for unusual behaviour such as disapproving looks
External forms of social control
Education system
Give informal sanctions - detentions/telling off for bad behaviour
External forms of social control
Criminal justice system - police
Maintain the law/order and prisons punish offenders
External forms of social control
CCTV
Act as a deterrent ( prevent a person committing a crime)
External forms of social control
Religious leaders
Religious teachings through holy books or how to act/conform e.g 10 commandments
Positive sanctions
Reward systems - in school certificates/trophy’s/praise
Parents - extra pocket money/gifts
Prison - reward scheme (token economy)
Negative sanctions
In school - detention/told off
Parents - grounded/lose of belongings
Custodial sentences
Powers to stop, search, arrest, detain and questions suspects
The Police
Charge a suspect and prosecute them in court
The CPS
Power to give bail or remand in custody
Judges and magistrates
Power to detain prisoners against their will for their sentence and punish misbehaviour
The prison service
Involves the use of threat of force in order to make someone do (or stop doing) something. Force can be physical or psychological violence
Coercion
Is the only way of trying to achieve social control and people conform to laws
Fear of punishment
The fear of being caught and punished is what ensures that many would-be criminals continue to obey the law
Deterrence
