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Crimonology > AC1.1 - Crime and Deviance > Flashcards

AC1.1 - Crime and Deviance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the social definition of crime?

A

Behaviour or an activity that offends the social code of a particular community

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2
Q

What was Mower’s definition of crime?

A

“An anti-social act”

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3
Q

What was Blackburn’s definition of crime?

A

“Acts attracting legal punishment […] offences against the community”

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4
Q

What’s the legal definition of crime?

A

“An act (or sometimes a failure to act) that is deemed by statute or by the common law to be a public wrong is therefore punishable by the state in criminal proceedings.”

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5
Q

What is the ‘Actus Reus’?

A

The guilty act of the offence

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6
Q

What is the ‘Mens Rea’?

A

The guilty mind/thoughts behind the offence

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7
Q

What is strict liability? Give an example

A

Where the defendant has the ‘actus reus’ but no the mens rea - Food and hygiene regulations

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8
Q

Under the legal defences what are the two reasons why a person wouldn’t be found guilty?

A

Insanity and Self defence

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9
Q

What does insanity mean under the legal defences?

A

A defense based on the idea that the defendant was unable to understand what he was doing

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10
Q

What does self defence mean under the legal defences?

A

Reasonable force to defend themselves or another

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11
Q

Why is crime difficult to define under the social definition?

A

Crime is defined differently in different societies and at different times

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12
Q

Why is crime difficult to define under the law definition?

A

It’s problematic because it isn’t a scientific discipline, there are many ifs and buts.

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13
Q

What is a formal sanction?

A

Sanctions that are officially recognised and enforced by an authority to promote and encourage social norms and values.

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14
Q

Give 4 examples of court-based formal sanctions:

A

Custodial sentences, Community service, Fines, Discharge

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15
Q

Give 3 examples of non court-based formal sanctions:

A

Cautions, Condtional cautions, Penalty notices

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16
Q

Name 3 criminal acts:

A

Offences against property, Offences against people, Homicide

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17
Q

Name 3 types of offences against property:

A

Burglary, Theft, Criminal damage

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18
Q

What are the maximum sentences for Burglary, Theft, and Criminal damage?

A

Burglary: 14 years custodial sentence
Theft: 7 years custodial sentence
Criminal damage: 10 years custodial sentence

19
Q

Name 3 types of offences against people:

A

Assault and battery, Actual bodily harm, Grievous bodily harm (with intent)

20
Q

What are the maximum sentences for Assault and battery, Actual bodily harm, and grievous bodily harm (with intent)?

A

Assault and Battery: 6 months custodial sentence
Actual bodily harm: 5 years custodial sentence
GBH(with intent): Life sentence

21
Q

What are the three types of criminal offences?

A

Summary offences, Either way offences, Indictable offences

22
Q

Name three examples of summary offences:

A

Low level motoring offences, minor criminal damage, Common assault

23
Q

How will summary offences be punished?

A

They can only be tried in a Magistrates’ court and normally carries a maximum sentence of 6 month’s imprisonment or a £5,000 fine.

24
Q

Name three example of either way offences:

A

Theft, Assault and GBH, Possession of controlled drugs

25
Q

How will either way offences be punished?

A

Depending on the level of seriousness of the crime it will either be trialed in Magistrates’ court or Crown court.

26
Q

Name three examples of indictable offences?

A

Murder, Rape, Possession of a firearm

27
Q

How will indictable offences be punished?

A

Because this is the most serious category of offence, the maximum sentences are long. Many cases carry a maximum sentence of life imprisonment and they must first appear before the Magistrates’ court and then the Crown court.

28
Q

What is the definition of deviance?

A

Any violation of what society considers ‘acceptable behaviour’. Deviant behaviours go against social norms, moral codes, and social values.

29
Q

What is a social norm? Give an example

A

Social expectations that guide behaviour and explain why people act in the way they do - Wearing shoes in public

30
Q

What is a moral code? Give an example

A

Morals or good ways of behaving. Breaking a moral code would be considered serious in society - Intentionally hurting someone

31
Q

What are social values? Give an example

A

Rules shared by most people in a given culture. It’s what people feel should happen, they are more general guidelines and ideas than normal behaviours - Being respectful and polite

32
Q

What are the 4 important social values highlighted by the Government?

A

Mutual respect and tolerance, Individual liberty, Rule of law, Democracy

33
Q

What are the three types of deviant behaviour?

A

Admired behaviour, Odd behaviour, Bad behaviour

34
Q

Give an example of admired deviant behaviour:

A

Civil rights protestors/Risking your own life to save others/Runing a 100 mile ultra-marathon

35
Q

Give an example of odd deviant behaviour:

A

Living with 50 cats/ Walking round barefoot/Not brushing your teeth in the morning

36
Q

Give an example of bad deviant behaviour:

A

Murder/Theft/Sexual assault

37
Q

What are the difficulties in defining deviance?

A

The norms can vary between different societies/cultures and can vary at different times

38
Q

What sanctions are there for deviance?Give examples:

A

Informal sanctions - Frowning or giving someone a dirty look, Name calling, Socially excluding people

39
Q

Name three offences that are criminal but not deviant:

A

Illegally streaming or downloading media content, A 17 year old having an alcoholic beverage, Speeding a few miles over the limit

40
Q

Name three offences that are criminal and deviant:

A

Murder, Sexual assault, Theft, Assault, Drink driving, Hate crime

41
Q

Name three offences that are not criminal but are deviant:

A

Walking around barefoot, Picking your nose in public, Not brushing your teeth in the morning, Living with 50 cats

42
Q

Name 3 similarities of crime and deviant behaviours:

A

-Both tend to receive some sort of negative sanction/punishment
-Both tend to be viewed negatively by the majority of society
-They are similar as neither are fixed, what is considered criminal and deviant is constantly changing over time and across cultures

43
Q

Name 3 differences of crime and deviant behaviours:

A

-The type of sanction they receive usually differs - crimes receive formal sanctions and deviance receives informal sanctions
-They differ primarily in their definitions
-The level of severity and harm - crime tends to be more severe than deviance

Crimonology (6 decks)

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