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Criminology Unit 1 > AC1.1 Analyse Different Types Of Crime > Flashcards

AC1.1 Analyse Different Types Of Crime Flashcards

1
Q

What is a white collar crime ?

A

A non-violent crime that is usually committed in the workplace that results in perpetrator profiting from financial gain.

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of white collar crime ?

A

Organised
Corporate
Professional

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3
Q

What are some examples of White collar crime ?

A

Fraud
Bribery
Prostitution
Illegal gambling
Corruption
Fiddling expenses
Embezzlement
Money Laundering

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4
Q

Summarise the case study of Lord Black

A

(He owns the telegraph) Lord Conrad Black was sentenced to 6.5 years of for defrauding the shareholders and making millions of dollars

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5
Q

What is the definition of corporate crime ?

A

Commited by a business or company

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6
Q

What are some examples of corporate crime ?

A

Enviromental crime
Manufacturing offenses
Unfair trade practices
Financial offences

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7
Q

What is professional crime

A

Commited by professionals

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8
Q

What is organised crime?

A

Crime committed because of motivation to money, pride or political gain.

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9
Q

What are some examples of organised crime?

A

Drug trafficking
Extortion
Kidnapping for profit

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10
Q

Who are the Triads and Yukuza?

A

Triads are an organised crime group in china with around 1.5 million members. They commit drug trafficking, assault, murder and so on.

The Yakuza are based in Japan and identify each other by tattoos and have 3 main families that control them. The commit lots of crime like : drug runs, blackmail, murder, sex slaves and love hotels.

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11
Q

What is a moral crime?

A

A crime that is considered sinful and evil. The most shocking and gruesome crimes that go against social norms. Usually an evil and depriving act against an individual or society.

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12
Q

What are examples of moral crime offenses?

A

Rape
Begging
Illegals drugs
Slavery
Prostitution
Incest
Torture
Assisted suicide

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13
Q

Who are the victims and offenders of moral crimes ?

A

Some crimes can be victimless or have the same victim and offender like prostitution

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14
Q

What is the public awareness like for moral crimes?

A

It can be high for newsworthy crimes but also low for crimes that are attempted to be concealed by the offender.

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15
Q

Summarises the case study of Joseph Fritzl

A

He locked his 18 year old daughter into the basement and told his wife she ran off to join a cult. He raped her repeatedly and she had 7 of his children in the basement. One child died after birth so he incinerated it. He took 3 to live with him upstairs. He was caught when the eldest daughter fell ill and needed to be taken to the hospital and they realised she had never seen daylight. He was arrested for murder by negligence in 2009.

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16
Q

What is state crime?

A

State crime is commited by the state heads or by someone with the backing of the state.

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17
Q

Examples of state crime

A

Genocide
Torture
Police Brutality
War crimes
Political crimes

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18
Q

Who are the victims and offenders of state crime?

A

Victims : anyone who is a citizen of the affected state and political opponents and members of religious minorities.

Offenders : State officials, Militas and supporters with the encouragement of the state

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19
Q

What was an example of state crimes in Germany?

A

The holocaust and the mass murder of 6 million Jews. Hiler blamed the Jews and forced them to live and die in horrific ways. He removed their rights with the Numberg Laws

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20
Q

What is a technological crime ?

A

Offenses that use technology, often social media

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21
Q

What are types of offenses of technical crime?

A

Financial crimes
Cyber-trespass
Identity theft
Hate crimes
Illegal downloading

22
Q

Who are the victims and offenders of technological crime?

A

Can be anyone with access to the internet, victims are mostly likely to be elderly and less educated.

23
Q

What is the level of awareness for technological crimes?

A

Depends if it instant impact or not some people aren’t aware.
Considered both deviant and criminal

24
Q

Summaries the case study of women and cyber-crime?

A

Report said women are more likely to be victims of cyber-violence and cyber-stalking. Men are usually the offenders. Not always investigated

25
Q

What is Individual Crimes?

A

Direct harm on someone usually 1-on-1

26
Q

What are some examples of individual crimes?

A

Hate crime
Honor crime
Domestic violence

27
Q

What is hate crime?

A

Criminal behaviour motivated by a prejudice that is based on their race, religion or identity. But the behaviour must be criminal

A type of individual crime

28
Q

What is an example of hate crime ?

A

Verbal threats
Assualt
Harassment
Intimidation

29
Q

What are the nine protected characteristics?

A

Age
Sex
Disability
Ethnicity
Gender reassignment
Religion/belief
Sexual orientation
Marriage/civil partnership
Pregnancy/maternity

30
Q

Summaries the case study of Gok Wan`s assistant Chris

A

Was attacked and sent to hospital for stitches and an orbital fracture. This was deemed a hate crime because of motivation of sexual orientation

31
Q

Who are the victims and offenders for hate crime ?

A

Victims - anyone who falls under the 9 characteristics

Offenders - anyone with a prejudice view and act on it. Anyone who exploits their relationship with the victim for their own benefit.

32
Q

What is public awareness like for hate crimes ?

A

Increasing awareness because of social media

33
Q

Summaries the case study of the euro final 2020

A

In the final, England lost from penalties and the media’s result was to attack the player that missed. Unfortunately, all players that missed were black. This meant they were attacked because of a motivation of race. They received 600 reports and 207 were judged criminal.

34
Q

What is an Honour crime?

A

A crime that is commited to defend the honour and directed at anyone who brings shame.

Its a type of individual crime

35
Q

Summaries the case study of Laura Wilson

A

She was killed by her boyfriend who was 17 at the time.

36
Q

Why do honour crimes happen?

A

Because of :

Asian and Middle Eastern communities believe that controlling women is the key to
Police response aren’t consistent
They are killed to show a threat

37
Q

How many honour killings are the annually?

A

There are 12 honor kills on average

38
Q

What are examples of honour crimes ?

A

Threatening behaviour
Assault
Rape
Murder
Abduction
Wounding
Burning
Acid attacks
Disfiguration
FGM

39
Q

What is the difference between arranged marriage and forced marriage?

A

Forced - illegal, physical threats, violence and pressure. If they are under 18, its also child abuse

Arranged - you can choose its just an option set up

40
Q

Summaries the case study of Banaz Mahmood

A

She left er arranged marriage and was caught seeing someone else. The community meets and discusses killing her. She knew and reported it to the police but they didn’t help. She was lured to her grandmother’s house and they attempted to kill her. She survived and later on is left alone in her home and killed. She was found in suitcase under a house 100 miles away.

41
Q

Summaries the case study of Naila Amin

A

She was taken to New York to marry a 28 year old cousin when she was 15 yeras old. She was promised to him at the age of 8.He raped her for 5 months before escaping.She escaped with help from the state and her uncle.

42
Q

What is FGM?

A

Female genital mutilation - another from of honour crime and the removal of external female genitalia considered to be a violation of human rights 100 to 140,000,000 women worldwide, 60,000 girls age 0 to 14, in the UK, extremely painful and can be psychologically and emotionally harmful. It’s often without anaesthetic with sharp objects like razorblades, knives, glass and fingernails

43
Q

Who are the victims and offenders of honour crimes ?

A

Victims - usually young women are from minority groups

Offenders - usually the victims family most of the time of the male members and sometimes female members assist in the crime

44
Q

What is the public awareness like for honour crimes?

A

Low level of awareness, because of little understanding some societies accept these crimes and lead to lack of reports like an echo chamber. You only hear about it if it’s in your community.

45
Q

What is domestic violence?

A

Controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour towards someone over the age of 16 or by someone who is a partner or family member.

46
Q

What are some examples of domestic abuse?

A

GBH
Sexual abuse
Blackmail
Emotional abuse
Physical assault
Financial abuse
Coercive and controlling behaviour

47
Q

Give me some statistics of Domestic violence

A

3 women commit suicide because of domestic abuse and two a week are killed by their partner
In 2005 to 2015 19 children out of 12 families were killed by violent fathers
20% of children have witnessed to live with an adult in their life, committing domestic violence
93% of men or accused and 84% of victims of female.
The police received a call about abuse every 30 seconds and only 24%, as reported to the police.

48
Q

Who are the victims and offenders of domestic violence ?

A

Victims - anyone in the domestic setting , usually females

Offenders - usually men but can be women, it typically stays hidden in the household.

49
Q

What is the public awareness like for domestic violence?

A

Low because it hidden in the home, victims fear that the police may turn a blind eye or not believe them

50
Q

Criminal or deviant

A

Both

51
Q

What is Calre’s law and how did it come about ?

A

Clare was raped, strangles and set on fire by a man who had a past of violence towards women but she never knew.

Clares law allows people to request information about a new partner.

Criminology Unit 1 (11 decks)

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