AC-Ch. 4 Water Management Flashcards
Water remaining in the soil after gravitational water has drained and before the permanent wilting point has been reached.
Available water
Localized, low-pressure irrigation devices that apply water into basins around trees; often used in groves.
Bubblers
Water held in the capilary pores of the soil; much of this water can move in any direction and is readily available to plant roots.
Capilary water
Whitish or yellowish leaf discoloration caused by lack of chlorophyll. Often caused by nutrient deficiency.
Chlorosis
Severe drying out.
Desiccation
Condition in which the branches in a tree die from the tips toward the main stem.
Dieback
Method of minimizing evaporation and runoff by applying small amounts of water through small emitters.
Drip irrigation
Loss of water by evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration by plants.
Evapotranspiration
Maximum soil moisture content following the drainage of water due to the force of gravity.
Field capacity
Root that encircles all or part of a the tree trunk or the tree’s other roots, constricting the vascular tissue and inhibiting secondary growth and the movement of water and photosynthates.
Girding root
Tendingtorepelor fail to mix with water.
Hydrophobic
Group of plants in a landscape with similar water requirements.
Hydrozone
“Unavailable” water held too tightly by soil particles for plant uptake after graviational water drains through the soil.
Hygroscopic water
(1) Downward entry of water into the soil. (2) Entry of fine particles into drainage or aeration systems can lead to system clogging and failure. (3) Downward entry of materials from one soil or fill layer to another as when a gravel road surfaces mixes with underlying soil.
Infiltration
Speed at which water penetrates the soil.
Infiltration rate
Practice of minimizing irrigation needs through the use of drought-tolerant plants and watering only the amount needed to maintian health, growth, and appearance.
Minimum irrigation
The movement of water through the soil.
Percolation
The speed at which water moves through the soil.
Percolation rate
Soilborne plant pathogen that can build up in ponds. Can cause root rot, canopy blight, and other diseases .Often called “water molds.”
Phytophthora
Term to describe a compound that is poisonous to plants.
Phytotoxic
Tiny leaf hairs preventing water loss by trapping an insulating layer of moist air near the leaf surface.
Pubescence
Amount or percentage of salt in the soil.
Salinity
The force with which water is held by the soil matrix and a criterion for measuring soil water availability to plants by tensiometer.
Soil Matric Potential
The conponent or “phase” of soil consisting of solid particles. Soil particles can be classified by their chemical composition and size.
Soil matrix
The volume of water available depending on the volume of soil occupied by plant roots and the water-holding capacity of the soil.
Soil moisture reservoir
Method of applying water to plants through a network of spray emitters (sprinkler irrigation).
Spray irrigation
Instrument used to measure soil moisture.
Tensiometer
Fully hydrated to a normal state of distension.
Turgid
The ground extending from the land surface down to the water table. Its pore space usually contains air as well as water. Also called “the unsaturated zone” and “the zone of aeration.”
Vadose zone
Calculation based on precipitation and environmental factors that establishes the minimum irrigation needed to maintain plant health.
Water budget
Ability of a soil to hold moisture.
Water-holding capacity
Top surface of the accumulated underground water that has percolated through the soil above it.
Water tabe
Use of plant materials and practices that minimize landscaping water use. Term for environmentally friendly form of landscaping in dry climates.
Xeriscaping
