ac 4.3 - pressure groups

Question 1

The Howard League for penal reform - reasons/background

Answer 1

• launched in 2010 and aimed to reduce child arrests in England and Wales
• wanted to end the unnecessary criminalisation in residential care in 2016
• work closely with police forces and others to reduce the disproportionate arrests of children

Question 2

The Howard league for penal reform - campaign methods

Answer 2

• raised support by increasing public awareness
• can directly lobby parliament and get meetings with MPs, this also keeps the campaign relevant
• can meet with institutions/organisations in the criminal justice system

Question 3

The Howard league for penal reform - success

Answer 3

• child arrests went from nearly 250,000 in 2010 down to 63,000 in 2020
• 27 forces in England and Wales have achieved reductions of 75% or more between 2010 and 2020

Question 4

Inquest - reasons/background

Answer 4

• campaigned against unfair deaths linked to institutional failure, use of force and use unsafe commissions
• wanted to give families who have been affected by this transparency and take action against institutional deaths
• calls for national oversight mechanism

Question 5

Inquest - campaign methods

Answer 5

• meeting with parliament/MP’s and institutions that can help with their campaign
• spreading awareness to the public
• make sure to keep campaign relevant to the public and parliament

Question 6

Inquest - success

Answer 6

• Extension to the corporate manslaughter act (2007)
• IPCC (independent police complaints commission), this investigates serious accusations against the police