*AC 3.3 Flashcards
What is the recidivism rate in the UK according to the 2011 Bromley Briefings?
Nearly 2/3 (63%) of people leaving prison are re convicted within 2 years
This statistic highlights the high rate of re offending among released prisoners.
What factors contribute to disparities in re offending rates?
Factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity
Younger people and Black and minority ethnic individuals are more likely to reoffend.
What was the recidivism rate for offenders released from prison in 2019?
36% for offenders released from prison and 64% for those with short sentences of less than 12 months
This indicates a rising trend in re offending rates since 2009.
What was the re offending rate for juvenile offenders within a year?
37% reoffend within a year, 63% are re convicted within the year after release from custody
This highlights the vulnerability of juvenile offenders to re offending.
What is the re offending rate for Black individuals released from custody as of March 2021?
60.1%
This is compared to 47.6% for white individuals.
What type of offence had the highest re offending rate?
Violence against the person at 57.4%
This is followed by theft and handling (50.1%) and drug offences (46.6%).
Which age group has the highest re offending rate?
Young adults (aged 18-20) at 59.8%
This is higher than adults aged 21-24 (47.2%) and 25 and over (46.1%).
What do right realists argue about prison?
Prison works as a deterrent and is a preventative measure to stop offending
This perspective emphasizes the role of punishment in reducing crime.
What do Marxists suggest about high re offending rates?
High re offending rates exist due to little chance of changing circumstances
This perspective suggests systemic issues contribute to recidivism.
What link does the Bromley Briefings highlight between mental health and re offending?
People leaving prison with mental health needs are more likely to reoffend
Addressing mental health needs is crucial for reducing re offending rates.
What are some recommendations from the Prison Reform Trust to reduce re offending rates?
Recommendations include:
* Investing in community-based alternatives to prison
* Providing better education and training opportunities
* Improving mental health support
* Increasing support for people leaving prison
What are civil liberties?
Fundamental rights and freedoms protected by law such as:
* Right to free speech
* Right to privacy
* Right to a fair trial
How do legal barriers affect social control?
They limit the power of authorities to control behaviors and establish guidelines for law enforcement
For example, the principle of due process ensures fair trials.
What was the impact of the Abu Qatada case?
It illustrated how legal barriers can limit government actions that violate civil liberties
His deportation was delayed due to risks of torture.
What percentage of prisoners in England and Wales are enrolled in education or training?
Only 19%
This lack of access to education hampers rehabilitation efforts.
What is the overcrowding rate in the UK prison system?
98% capacity
Overcrowding limits prisoners’ access to rehabilitation programs.
What percentage of male prisoners have a history of psychiatric treatment?
24%
The figure is higher for female prisoners at 47%.
What is the main problem with substance abuse in the UK prison system?
Over 60% of prisoners report drug or alcohol problems
Limited access to treatment services exacerbates this issue.
What is the purpose of discharge grants for prisoners?
To provide a small amount of money upon release to cover basic necessities
This helps ease the transition back into society.
What is the significance of family relationships for ex offenders?
They can be a significant source of support
47% of male and 56% of female prisoners have no contact with their families.
What moral issue complicates social control?
Crimes committed with moral imperatives, such as assisted suicide
These crimes involve deeply held beliefs that challenge traditional legal responses.
Is assisted suicide legal in the UK?
No, it is illegal under the Suicide Act 1961
The legality of assisted suicide is a complex and debated issue.
What was the outcome of the Kay Gilderdale case?
She was acquitted of attempted murder after assisting her terminally ill daughter
This case highlights the complexities surrounding assisted suicide.
