AC 3.1 Flashcards
philosophy of police
- sir robert peele 1829
- prevent crime and disorder
- depends on public cooperation
- physical force is last resort
- impartially serve the law
- police public servants need to maintain respect
aims of police
- keep peace and maintain order
- prevent, detect and investigate crime
- seek legal powers to achieve this
what funding do police receive
- 2018/2019 - £12.3 million
- 2/3 central government
- rest local council tax
- rest chargeable services i.e football matches
- funding fallen in recent years 19%, 20,000 officers fall 2010-2018
working practice police
- national level - agencies set up i.e child exploitation, online protection
cps philosophy
- independance and fairness
- without bias and seeking to deliver justice
- treat everyone with respect
aims of cps
- main prosecutor in england and wales
- 1986 under prosecution offences act
- serious offences
funding do cps recieve
- government
- budget half billion
- court awarded costs against defendant
- 2018 - head of cps budget fallen by 25%
- deal serious offences
how do they make decisions cps
evidential test - 1 admissale, 2 reliable and credible
public interest test - reasonable grounds to believe suspect is guilty, 2 - serious enough to justify immediate sentencing
judiciary philosophy
- principles guide 2016: 1, judicial independence
2 - impartiality - freedom of bias
3- integrity, being honest
4 - propriety, upholding societies expected standards
5 - ensuring equal treatment
6 - competence
judiciary aims
- judge has to 1: manage trail 2: sum up evidence 3: pass sentence 4: explain legal issues
appeal courts judiciary
1 - judges make rulings and appeal
2 - may involve creating precedents through judicial precedent
funding judiciary
senior salaries review body:
- lord chief justice earned £ 257,000, district judge £110,000, senior lawyer can earn more then district judge.
working practices judiciary
senior level, supreme court has nationwide jurisdiction and settles points of law and national importance.
- judges deal with all types of offence.
prisons philosophy
- hm government agency responsible for uk prison
- purpose preventing victims by changing the lives of victims
prisons aims
- rehabilitate offenders into becoming functional members of society ready to be released back into the public
- protect public from harm ( incapacitated )
- hold prisoners securely and implement the sentences and court orders
funding prisons
- prisons are paid by government out of general taxation
- budget for prisons £ 5.4 billion
working practices prisons
- 2019, total 121 prisons holding around 80,000 prisoners at any one time.
- 106 are public sector prisons run. by government and 15 were private prisons
- 3 private companies sodexo, serco, g4s
- 2019, g42 was stripped of its control of hmp Birmingham due to failings
national probation service philosophy
- belief offenders can change for the better and become responsible members of society
- belief in worth and dignity of individual
- commitment to social justice and equality
aims national probation service
- supervise high risk offenders who are about to be released into society
- provide statutory support to serious or sexual offences
- protecting public using rehabilitation and root cause of offence
funding probation
government
probation working practices
- offenders are given community sentences
- offenders on custodial release
- 62,801 full time staff
charities and pressure groups
who are nacro
national association for care and resettlement of offenders, an established charity
50 years experience
philosophy aims and objectives nacro
champion of social justice which continues to put crime prevention and reduction at its. core
how campaigns are used nacro
- offender rehabilitation act 1974 - rehabilitate offenders who have not been convicted of a serious offence for period of years.
- ban box - increase opportunities for people with convictions to compete for jobs ‘ fair chance recruitment’
funding received nacro
- awarded funding by mayor of london to deliver housing for homelessness
2021 - 5 million
government grants £135.85 k 2020
working practices nacro
- beyond youth custody running 2012 - 2018, england wide learning programme, evaluating work in terms of effective resettlement of young offenders
- raising your game was initiative to improve the lives of young people with learning or communication disability.
