AC 2.3

Question 1

imprisonment examples

Answer 1

1 - mandatory life sentences: incarceration for public protection, available for murder if over 18 years. full term to 15 years.
2 - home detention curfew: early release from prison on curfew.
3 - fixed/ determinate sentences: automatic release after half of sentence is served.
4 - indeterminate/ unsuspected: dangerous offenders for public protection, minimum tariff and parole not guaranteed.

Question 2

retribution - prison

Answer 2

p - freedom is taken away and conditions can sometimes be unpleasant.
c - difficult to decide how to make the length of the sentence proportional to crime.

Question 3

deterrence - prison

Answer 3

p - threat of prison is said to put people of commiting crime.
c - 48% of prisoners reoffend within a year of release and this rises to 64% in short sentences.
c - many prisoners are recalled for breaching licence conditions ( 6789 in 2019)
p - prisoners release are often supervised for period of time.

Question 4

public protection - prison

Answer 4

p - longer sentences have been used more often in recent yrs.
p - cannot harm the public
p - whole life sentences permanently keep offenders of street.

Question 5

reparation - prison

Answer 5

c - prison sentences are costly
c - very few prisoners earn money outside of prison during sentence
p - under prisons earning act 2011, prisoners who are permitted to work outside of prison during sentence have to pay part to victim support.

Question 6

Rehabilitation - prison

Answer 6

c - high reoffending rates of ex offenders
c - can still cause harm to prison staff and inmates
c - general rehab shortages in prison
c - prison been referred to as school of crime and offenders acquire more skills they can use to re offend.

Question 7

community sentences - example

Answer 7

• may get a community sentence if convicted of a crime but not sent to prison.
• may have to do unpaid work
  get community sentence if: damaged property, benefit fraud, assault
  13 requirements: doing up to 300 hours unpaid work
  2 -being obliged to live a certain address
  3 - taking part in programme to help change offending behaviour.
  4 - sticking to curfew
• in 2019, 87,000 offenders were sentenced to a community sentence.

Question 8

retribution - community sentence

Answer 8

p - public naming and shaming by wearing vests, counter might not embarrass them, not that bad.
c - breaches lead to prison, counter some people still reoffend.
p - curfews and exclusions, make them suffer by limiting freedom, counter not fully limited.

Question 9

reparation - community sentence

Answer 9

300 hours and unpaid work
p - work may be to repair damage to victim or community
c - community rather then direct victim

Question 10

public protection - community sentence

Answer 10

c - offender are not locked away as part of their punishment, no public protection

Question 11

rehabilitation - community sentence

Answer 11

p - community sentences aim to address cause of offending e.g. addiction/ homelessness, counter addicts more likely to relapse
p - recidivism rates are lower following community sentences then short prison stays.
c - people still reoffend

Question 12

fines

Answer 12

ant mcpartlin - drink driving, £86,000 fine, 20 month ban
- fines are most common type of sentence given by courts, given for lower levels of crime.
- in 2019, 78% of all offenders received a fine, a total of 927,000 offenders. taken from MOJ
- maximum fine allowed in magistrates and crown court is unlimited ( maximum before march 2015 is 5,000)

Question 13

retribution - fines

Answer 13

c - rich wont effect you
c - not that serious, freedom isnt taken away
- punishing someone financially can often make a big impact, make them suffer for harm they caused.

Question 14

deterrence - fine

Answer 14

• before: threat of money. will put you of
• often effective with first offenders as they give them taste of justice.
• threat of fine may deter someone from committing the offence,

Question 15

discharge

Answer 15

discharges are given for the least serious offences such as minor theft.
- discharge means the person that the person is released from court without any further action , still get criminal record.
- conditional charge: means that, if the offender commits another crime, they can be sentenced for first offence and the new one.
- in 2019, 42,000 offenders were given a discharge, representing 4% of offenders sentenced.

Question 16

how does discharging someone meet aims of punishment

Answer 16

• key aim is deterrence with some first time offenders or young offenders, a discharge and then fear of being dealt with is enough.
• court is worried that offenders have not taken this serious enough then they can make a conditional discharge ‘ hanging over their head’.
• some have argued that this is strenuous enough sentence type for criminals who are impervious to criminal justice system.