AC 2.1 Flashcards
What are norms?
Specific rules that govern people’s behaviour in particular situations
What are values?
General principles/guidelines for how we should live our lives
What are moral codes?
Good ways of behaving, breaking these codes would generally be considered very serious by society
What are formal sanctions?
Sanctions given by official agencies like police and the courts
What is an example of formal sanctions?
Prison, fines, community service
What are informal sanctions?
Sanctions given by unofficial bodies like parents and teachers
What is an example of informal sanctions?
Detentions, a telling off
What is social control?
Controlling people - get people in society to do what the official organisations want them to do
What is formal social control?
Carried out by official organisations like the police
What is informal social control?
Performed by informal agents in an unofficial capacity
What do internal forms of social control help with?
They help to regulate our behaviour through self-control in accordance with society’s accepted form of behaviour
What is Freud’s psychoanalytical theory?
If a person is heavily driven by their Id, they are less likely to conform, will seek pleasure and act on their impulses
What is rational ideology?
The achievement of social control through a system that uses logic, reason, and shared beliefs
What is internalisation?
Our own conscience internalising ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ behaviour
A person needs to go through internalisation for rational ideology to work
What is socialisation?
Learning social norms and values, should all be similar if socialised correctly
Learning to behave in a socially accepted way
What are examples of internal forms of social control?
- traditions
- culture
- religion
- childhood upbringing
- teachers and peers at school
- friends
What are agencies of social control?
Rules that are set out by agencies of social control are expectations that everyone should follow in order to avoid breaking the law/rules
What are examples of agencies of social control within the CJS?
- police
- parliament
- judges/courts
- prison
- probation
- CPS
- sentencing council
What are examples of agencies of social control not within the CJS?
- schools
- workplace
- parents/family
- peer groups
What is coercion?
To force someone to do something by the fear or threat of force, can be physical or psychological
What is fear of punishment?
Links in with coercion as fear of punishment is a way of trying to achieve social control within society
What is Containment Theory?
Looking at the reasons why people obey the law, many people are ‘immune’ or ‘resistant’ to these pulls towards crime due to certain factors
- inner containment (comes from family and upbringing)
- outer containment (influences from social, peer groups, and law)
What is Social Bond Theory?
Attachment - to other people, how much we care about the opinions of others and the views they have of us. If a person cares, less likely to commit crime
Commitment - if we have something to be committed to, less likely to commit crime as it would risk lowering social standings
Involvement - being involved in conventional activities means a person is less likely to commit crimes
Belief - if socialised to believe that committing crime is bad then we are likely to believe this and avoid breaking the law
What are feminist ideas on control theory?
Frances Heidensohn - argues that women are controlled by men in various spheres of life, restricting their ability to commit crime, hence lower crime rates amongst women
