AC 1.4 - individual Flashcards
AC 1.3: Assess the use of criminological theories in informing policy development.
What is a token economy?
Operant learning (behaviour modification) - Prisons make a list of behaviour they wish to see, and when they inmate does the behaviour they are rewarded.
Positives of token economies…
Reduces re-offending rates. Helps prisons become more manageable
limitations fo token economies…
The impact is only short-term. Other prisoners may bully those obeying the rules.
What is a mother and baby unit?
It gives women in prisons the right to see their child and have it in prison. Over 17,000 children are separated from mothers due to jails which can impact the child’s life chances.
Positives of mother and baby units…
Acts as a rehabilitation, mothers can work with other mothers in prisons, gives women parenting skills and lessons, women can learn to manage money as they can buy toys for their child.
Limitations of mother and baby units…
Only available to children up to 18 months so isn’t suitable for older children, Are only 6 in the UK (One being the women’s prison in Wakefield)
What is Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
It aims to change offenders thought and attitudes.
What are the 2 types of Cognitive behavioural therapies?
- Think first.
- Aggression replacement training (ART)
What is aggression replacement training (ART)?
For violent offenders which includes role playing top help with their anger management. It helps improve their skills.
What is think first?
Changing offenders thinking and behaviours through exercises. It teaches them problem solving skills.
Limitations of think first…
Non-completion rates are high.
Limitations of aggression replacement training…
it improves their skills but not their behaviour.
Positives of think first…
Offenders are 30% less likely to reoffend.
Positives of aggression replacement training.
Re-conviction rates are lower.
What is aversion therapy?
It was aimed to change sex offenders behaviours. They would make the offender think about their unacceptable fantasy and shock them and give them nausea drugs. This was repeated until they no longer became aroused.
