AC-130 / MC-130 Performance and Handling Flashcards
Absolute Altitude
Distance about the surface (AGL)
True Altitude
Distance above MSL
Indicated Altitude
Altitude reading on altimeter calibrated to proper sea level reference
Pressure Altitude
Altitude reading on altimeter set at standard atmosphere sea level barometric conditions (i.e. 29.92 inches of Hg)
Density Altitude
Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature
Best measurement of the air mass an aircraft operating in; primary indicator of performance.
For a given altimeter setting, as temperature increases, true altitude _________
increases
For a given altimeter setting, as temperature decreases, true altitude _________
decreases
For a given temperature, as altimeter setting increases, true altitude _________
decreases
For a given temperature, as altimeter setting decreases, true altitude _________
increases
Where do you find cold weather altimeter corrections?
In the FIH
When are cold weather corrections not required?
When using an aircraft’s TRUE ALT function
When should you take altitude calibrations?
Altitude calibrations for any “True Alt” function need to be taken as close as possible to the objective area.
Understand implications of low alt threat reactions. Zero G Bunt
Airspeed does not affect time-to-impact, at 0g you lose 32 ft/sec^2
Faster you fly, the more g you command for a given change in pitch - this could produce visual illusions
Understand implications of low alt threat reactions. Negative g Pushover
Abrupt pushover to negative g condition should be avoided
*Angle of pitch down and negative g condition continues even after yoke direction has been reversed
MFLMETO
Length of runway required to accelerate to decision (refusal) speed, experience an engine failure and stop or continue acceleration to:
- (Legacy) 1.2Vs Power-on / (J) 1.05 Vmu4 in remaining runway
- Does not guarantee Vmca
Refusal Speed Vr
Max SPEED the aircraft can accelerate to on 4 engines and then STOP within the runway available.
- When Computed refusal speed exceeds T/O speed, us T/O as refusal speed
- When computed refusal is less than takeoff, you must do an acceleration time check
Critical Engine Failure Speed
Max SPEED (Vcef) the aircraft can accelerate to on 4 engines, lose 1 engine, and either STOP OR CONTINUE THE TAKEOFF within the charted critical field length.
Ground Min Control Speed
Minimum (Vmcg) speed during the ground run at which you can lose an engine and still maintain directional control.
- Max power on remaining engines, (J) ATCS operating
- Maintain within 30 ft of runway centerline
**Air Minimum Control Speed **
Min Speed (Vmca) to maintain directional control - Function of temp and pressure altitude
- Level flight is a function of power available and GW and whether you can maintain an AoA that supports the weight
- For C-130, yaw control required (rudder authority) establishes Vmca
Air Minimum Control Speed (continued)
As airspeed decreases:
- yaw from asymmetric thrust and (L) wind-milling prop drag increases
- Rolling tendency caused by asymmetric prop slipstream increases-balanced by aerodynamic controls, which become less effective
C-130 has greatest stall warning margin (in terms of percentage of stall speed) at what flap configuration?
50% Flaps
Is landing or takeoff performance more critical?
More important to know if you can depart the airfield
Best rate of climb is?
Maximum altitude GAIN OVER TIME; based on:
- Max continuous power/TIT
- Clean configuration
**Best angle of climb? **
Max altitude GAIN OVER DISTANCE
-If obstacles are a factor immediately after T/O, maintain 50% flap obstacle clearance until clear
Service Ceiling is…
The alt at which the max rate-of-climb capability at maximum continuous power, and best climb speed is 100 ft per minute
Discuss load limits and define forces experienced by the airframe. Structural and Load Limits
Structural limits are intended to prevent operation beyond the aircraft load limit.
Load limits assume aircraft weight and fuel distributions fall within established limits and smooth, steady force is applied to flight controls
Discuss load limits and define forces experienced by the airframe. Flight-control inputs
Abrupt control inputs produce abrupt control surface and primary structure loads of a greater magnitude than those produced by smooth, slowly applied control forces
Consequently additional abrupt corrective inputs are required to stop the moving mass at the desired airplane attitude as in the snap roll
Discuss load limits and define forces experienced by the airframe. Torsion Moment**
Twisting of a body by the exertion of forces tending to turn one end about its axis while the other end is held fast or turned in the opposite direction
Discuss load limits and define forces experienced by the airframe. Bending Moment
Created by transverse deflection of a body through and perpendicular to its longitudinal axis
Discuss load limits and define forces experienced by the airframe. Shearing Moment
Force tending to cause deformation of a material by slippage along a plane or planes parallel to the imposed stress
Discuss prohibited maneuvers. Do not exceed:
60 degrees w/flaps retracted
45 degrees w/flaps extended
- max 2.0 g symmetrical / 1.5 g unsymmetrical with flaps extended
Legacy aircraft g meter is only accurate at the _____
Installation
Symmetrical maneuvers are those maneuvers performed with ailerons _____
Neutral
Ground Min Control Speed
Minimum (Vmcg) speed during the ground run at which you can lose an engine and still maintain directional control.
- Max power on remaining engines, (J) ATCS operating
- Maintain within 30 ft of runway centerline
**Air Minimum Control Speed **
Min Speed (Vmca) to maintain directional control - Function of temp and pressure altitude
- Level flight is a function of power available and GW and whether you can maintain an AoA that supports the weight
- For C-130, yaw control required (rudder authority) establishes Vmca
Air Minimum Control Speed (continued)
As airspeed decreases:
- yaw from asymmetric thrust and (L) wind-milling prop drag increases
- Rolling tendency caused by asymmetric prop slipstream increases-balanced by aerodynamic controls, which become less effective
Two Engine Inop (Vmca2)
What does -1 require?
Bleed on reduces speed 2-5 kts
What type of flaps does the C-130 have?
Fowler Flaps
Deflection of the flaps causes:
- Increase in chord and wing area
- Nose down moments due to increased camber
- Twisting loads on structure
- Most be controlled with elevator
- For the same AoA, CL (coefficient of lift) will increase with flaps extended
How do you recover from a fin stall?
- Reduce rudder force and/or use opposite rudder force to bring the aircraft back to coordinated flight
- Smoothly recenter the ball
In general, thrust is the term used for jet aircraft and ______ is the term used for propeller-driven aircraft.
Power
Power is considered to be thrust x velocity and is expressed as shaft horsepower
What are the two main types of drag for slow speed aircraft?
- Parasite Drag
- Induced Drag
Parasite drag is a function of _________.
Velocity squared
Induced drag is a function of __________.
Angle of Attack (AoA)
Landing performance is…
More important to know if you can depart the airfield
Best rate of climb…
Maximum altitude GAIN OVER TIME; based on:
- Max continuous power/TIT
- Clean configuration
Does a heavier aircraft descend in less distance?
No, lighter aircraft descend in less distance.
Be able to read an energy maneuverability diagram
See slides 55/56.
**Best angle of climb? **
Max altitude GAIN OVER DISTANCE
-If obstacles are a factor immediately after T/O, maintain 50% flap obstacle clearance until clear
Service Ceiling is…
The alt at which the max rate-of-climb capability at maximum continuous power, and best climb speed is 100 ft per minute
Driftdown
Forced descent due to loss of engine(s)
- Maintain driftdown speed until descent drops to 100fpm
- maintain 100fpm down to appropriate 3-/2-engin service cieling
Max Range descent…
Flight idle, clean L/D max
penetration descent…
Max range to 20k Ft -250 knots to level
rapid-configured descent…
Flight idle, gear / 100 flaps - 145 knots to level
rapid-dive speed descent…
Flight idle, clean - dive speed to level
