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Step 3 > Abx > Flashcards

Abx Flashcards

0
Q

MRSA tx

A

Severe: Vanc, linezolid, dapto, ceftaroline, tigecycline, telavancin

Minor: bactrim, clinda, doxy

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1
Q

MSSA tx

A

IV oxacillin/nafcillin, cefazolin

PO dicloxacillin, cephalexin

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2
Q

Dapto SE

A

myopathy, increased CPK

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3
Q

Linezolid SE

A

thrombocytopenia

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4
Q

Alternative abx to PCN rash

A

cephalosporins

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5
Q

Alternative abx to PCN anaphylaxis

A

macrolides (azithro, clarithro), clinda

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6
Q

Alternative abx to severe infxn with PCN

A

vanc, linezolid, dapto, telavancin

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7
Q

Alternative abx to minor infxn with PCN

A

macrolides (azithro, clarithro), clindamycin, bactrim

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8
Q

Strep specific abx

A

PCN, amp, amoxicillin

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9
Q

Gram neg bacilli

A

E coli, enterobacter, citrobacter, morganella, pseudomonas, serratia

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10
Q

Gram neg bacilli tx

A

cephalosporins: cefepime, ceftazidime
PCN: pip, ticarcillin
monobactam: aztreonam
quinolones: cipro, levo, moxi, gemifloxacin
AGs: gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
carbapenems: imipenem, mero, erta, doripenem

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11
Q

carbapenem that does NOT cover pseudomonas

A

erta

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12
Q

PCNs that cover strep, gram negative bacilli, and anaerobes

A

pip, ticarcillin

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13
Q

Pneumococcal drugs

A

levo, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin

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14
Q

abx group that works synergistically with agents to tx staph and strep

A

AGs

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15
Q

carbapenems cover…?

A

anaerobes, strep, MSSA

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16
Q

Tigecycline covers…?

A

MRSA, broad gram-neg bacilli coverage

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17
Q

Imipenem SE

A

seizures

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18
Q

GI anaerobes (bacteroides) tx

A

Metronidazole!
carbapenems, pip, ticarcillin
cefoxitin, cefotetan

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19
Q

Respiratory anaerobes (anaerobic strep)

A

clindamycin!

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20
Q

NO anaerobic coverage

A

AGs, aztreonam, fluroquinolones, oxacillin/nafcillin, most cephalosporins

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21
Q

Cephalosporins that cover anaerobes

A

cefoxitin, cefotetan

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22
Q

Red Man Syndrome

A

Vanc infused too rapidly

-tx: slow rate of infusion

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23
Q

herpes simplex, VZV tx

A

acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir

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24
Q

CMV tx

A

valganciclovir, ganciclovir, foscarnet

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25
Q

CMV retinitis

A

valganciclovir

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26
Q

valganciclovir and ganciclovir SE

A

neutropenia, BM suppression

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27
Q

foscarnet SE

A

renal toxicity

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28
Q

influenza A and B tx

A

oseltamivir, zanamivir (neuraminidase inhibitors)

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29
Q

HCV and RSV tx

A

ribavirin

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30
Q

chronic HBV tx

A

lamivudine, IFN, adefovir, tenofovir, entecavir, telbivudine

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31
Q

candida, cryptococcus, oral and vaginal candidiasis tx

A

fluconazole

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32
Q

best tx for Aspergillus

A

voriconazole

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33
Q

voriconazole SE

A

visual disturbance

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34
Q

neutropenic fever tx

A

echinocandins (caspo, micafungin, anidulafungin)

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35
Q

amphotericin covers…?

A

candida, crypto, aspergillus

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36
Q

Amphotericin SE

A

renal toxicity, hypoK, metabolic acidosis, fever/shakes/chills

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37
Q

Osteomyelitis MC organism

A

Staph

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38
Q

Osteo tx of MSSA

A

oxacillin or nafcillin IV 4-6 wks

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39
Q

Osteo tx of MRSA

A

vanc, linezolid, daptomycin

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40
Q

Only form of osteo that can be tx with ORAL abx

A

gram neg bacilli, pseudomonas

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41
Q

How to confirm gram neg bacilli osteo

A

bone bx

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42
Q

otitis externa tx

A

ofloxacin, polymyxin/neomycin

43
Q

Malignant otitis externa organism

A

pseudomonas

44
Q

abx with pseudomonas coverage

A

cipro, pip, cefepime, carbapenem, aztreonam

45
Q

Otitis media tx

A

oral amoxicillin 7-10 days

46
Q

Otitis media not responding to amoxicillin

A

amoxicillin-clavulanate

cefdinir, ceftibuten, cefuroxime, cefprozil, cefpodoxime (2nd and 3rd gen cephs)

47
Q

Sinusitis organism

A

Strep pneumo, H influ, Moraxella catarrhalis

48
Q

Sinusitis tx

A

inhaled steroids, +/- amoxicillin

49
Q

Pharyngitis organism

A

GAS

50
Q

Pharyngitis tx

A

PCN, amoxicillin

51
Q

Influenza tx

A

oseltamivir, zanamivir in first 48 hours

52
Q

Impetigo organism

A

Strep pyogenes, Staph aureus

53
Q

Mild impetigo tx

A

topical mupirocin or retapamulin

54
Q

Severe impetigo tx

A

oral dicloxacillin or cephalexin

55
Q

CA-MRSA impetigo tx

A

bactrim (sometimes clinda)

56
Q

Erysipelas organism

A

GAS (pyogenes)

57
Q

Erysipelas tx

A

oral dicloxacillin or cephalexin

58
Q

Minor cellulitis tx

A

oral dicloxacillin or cephalexin

59
Q

Severe cellulitis tx

A

IV oxacillin, nafcillin, cefazolin

60
Q

Folliculitis tx

A

oral dicloxacillin or cephalexin

61
Q

Tinea capitis or onychomycosis tx

A

ORAL terbinafine, itraconazole (griseofulvin)

62
Q

Terbinafine SE

A

Increased LFTs

63
Q

Urethritis, cervicitis, outpt PID, epididymo-orchitis (<35 yo) tx (gonorrhea +/- chlamydia)

A

IM CTX and either azithro (single dose), doxy (1 week)

64
Q

Inpatient PID tx

A

IV cefoxitin or cefotetan + doxy +/- metronidazole

65
Q

Abx safe for pregnancy

A

PCNs, cephalosporins, aztreonam, erythromycin, azithromycin

66
Q

> 35 yo epididymo-orchitis

A

fluoroquinolone

67
Q

Most accurate test for primary syphilis

A

darkfield microscopy

68
Q

Tertiary syphilis tx

A

IV PCN

69
Q

Primary and secondary syphilis tx

A

IM PCN

70
Q

Uncomplicated cystitis tx

A

bactrim PO x 3 days

71
Q

complicated cystitis tx

A

bactrim x 7 days or cipro

72
Q

outpt pyelo tx

A

cipro

73
Q

inpt pyelo tx

A

amp/gentamicin

74
Q

perinephric abscess tx

A

quinolone + oxacillin or nafcillin (staph coverage)

75
Q

prostatitis tx

A

cipro for extended time

76
Q

NRTI SE

A

lactic acidosis

77
Q

protease inhibitor SE

A

hyperglycemia, HL

78
Q

NNRTIs eg efavirenz

A

drowsy

79
Q

PCP ppx (CD4 <200) in HIV

A

bactrim (use IV if already have infxn!!)

80
Q

MAC ppx (CD4<50) in HIV

A

azithro

81
Q

Alternative if rash with IV bactrim for PCP tx

A

IV pentamidine

82
Q

Toxo tx in HIV pt

A

pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine x 2 weeks

83
Q

CMV retinitis tx in HIV pt (CD4<50)

A

ganciclovir or foscarnet

note: PO ganciclovir lifelong (unless CD4 increases)

84
Q

Crypto tx in HIV pt (CD4<50)

A

amphotericin, and then fluconazole (lifelong!!)

85
Q

MAC tx in HIV pt (CD4<50)

A

clarithromycin + ethambutol

86
Q

INH adverse effect

A

Peripheral neuropathy

87
Q

Rifampin adverse effect

A

Red/orange secretions

88
Q

Pyrazinamide adverse effects

A

Hyperuricemia

89
Q

Ethambutol adverse effect

A

Optic neuritis

90
Q

IV Abx for GI perf

A

Metro and cipro
Cefotetan or cefoxitin (second generation ceph)
Amp-sulbactam
Zosyn

91
Q

IV Abx before appendectomy

A

Metro and cipro
Cefoxitin or cefotetan
Amp/sulbactam
Levo and clinda

92
Q

IV Abx for ascending cholangitis

A

Amp and gentamicin
Imipenem
Levo

93
Q

Early onset sepsis in newborn

A

PNA

GBS, e coli, H flu, listeria

94
Q

Late onset sepsis in newborn

A

Meningitis, bacteremia

S aureus, E. coli, klebsiella, pseudomonas

95
Q

Empiric tx of neonatal sepsis

A

Amp + gent (+ cefotaxime if meningitis)

97
Q

PID tx

A

IV CTX or cefoxitin and IV doxy

98
Q

Outpt peds PNA tx

A

amoxicillin (or cefuroxime or amox/clavulanic acid)

99
Q

Inpt peds PNA tx

A

IV cefuroxime (+/- vanc)

100
Q

Peds PNA 2/2 chlamydia or mycoplasma

A

erythromycin (macrolide)

101
Q

CF mild dz tx

A

macrolide, bactrim, or cipro

102
Q

CF with pseudomonas or S aureus

A

piperacillin + tobramycin or ceftazidime (3rd gen)

103
Q

CF with resistant pathogens

A

INHALED tobramycin (AG)

104
Q

TOA tx

A

Cefoxitin and doxy

105
Q

Bacterial skin infxns tx

A

PO dicloxacillin= IV oxacillin, nafcillin

PO cephalexin/keflex, cefadroxil = IV cefazolin/ancef/kefzol

IV vanc = PO linezolid or bactrim

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