ABX Flashcards
Cephalosporins: gen 1
Ancef/Kefzol other name
cefazolin
this abx does not penetrate BBB
most gram + (staph/streptococcus)
used for: cellulitis, abscesses, URI, UTI
cefazolin
Generation 2 cephalosporins: (3)
Cefuroxime
Cefoxitin
Cefotetan
other name for cefuroxime
ceftin/zinacef
This cephalosporin is better gram - coverage
used for H-influenza pneumonia, UTI, otitis media
Cefuroxime
other name for cefoxitin
mefoxin
other name for cefotetan
cefotan
Name generation 3 cephalosporins
Cefotaxime
ceftriaxone
ceftazidime
other name for cefotaxime
Claforan
This cephalosporin has some cross BBB, better gram - coverage then gen. 2
treats resistant meningitis
Cefotaxime (claforan)
other name for ceftriaxone
Rocephin
this abx is used to tx gonorrhea
rocephin (cefriaxone)
other name for ceftazidime
Fortaz
Fourth Generation Cephalosporin
Cefepime
Other name for cefepime
maxipime
This 4th generation cephalosporin is most resistant to hydrolysis by lactamases
usually reserved for multi-resistant organism and penetrates the BBB well
cefepime
Adverse reactions with this abx class
Hypersensitivity: uncommon
-Rashes, fever, nephritis, anaphylaxis
-Potential production deficit of Vitamin K
-Common cause of colitis (3rd generation)
cephalosporins
For true anaphylaxis of cephalosporins use ____ & ____ instead
vancomycin and clindamycin
this abx is good activity against gram - rods (P aeruginosa and enterobacter)
Carbapenem
this abx can inhibit the beta-lactamase enzyme
possess the broadest spectrum of activity
Most penetrate BBB
Carbapenem
This abx can cause rashes, N/V, diarrha, Injection site reaction so it will include lidocaine in IM formulation
carbapenem
If a patient is on valproic acid (depakote), you should not administer what antibiotic dt it decreasing concentration up to 90%
carbapenem
This abx is too large to penetrate gram - walls but is active against gram + bacteria
Vancomycin
this abx only works if the bacteria is actively diving
vancomycin
this abx is most valuable against blood stream infection and endocarditis caused by MRSA
Vancomycin
this abx can cause:
-phlebitis at the injection site
-chills, fever
-nephrotoxicity
-“red man” syndrome
Vanc
This abx class inhibits ribosomal proteins and causes mRNA to misread
aminoglycosides
this abx class is used as a synergistic effect with beta-lactams and vancomycin
aminoglycosides
aminoglycosides are especially useful in ______ endocarditis
enterococcal endocarditis
what is an example of aminoglycosides
Gentamycin
Aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
What are the factors that increase the likelihood of nephrotoxicity? (5)
- elderly
-For more than 5 days
-In renal insufficiency
-With higher doses
-Concurrent with loop diuretics
this abx class can have a curare-like affect
aminoglycosides
this drug class inhibits DNA protein synthesis
Fluoroquinolone
This Abx class is excellent with gram - organisms: UTI, bacterial diarrhea, bone/joint infection
Fluoroquinolone
two examples of fluoroquinolones
ciprofloxacin (cipro)
levofloxacin (Levaquin)
This abx class includes these adverse reactions
-N/V/D
-Prolongation of QT interval
-Cartilage damage/tendon rupture
fluoroquinolone
The risk of cartilage damage/tendon rupture while taking fluoroquinolone is increased with 3 things:
-renal insufficiency
-concurrent steroid use
-advance age
this abx class are antiprotozoal/anaerobic antibacterial
indicated for: intra-abdominal infections, vaginitis, & c-diff
metronidazole
this abx class forms toxic byproducts that cause unstable DNA molecules
metronidazole
Adverse reactions for ______
-nausea, peripheral neuropathy (prolonged use), disulfiram-like effect
metronidazole
