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Principles Anesthesia II > ABX > Flashcards

ABX Flashcards

1
Q

Cephalosporins: gen 1

Ancef/Kefzol other name

A

cefazolin

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2
Q

this abx does not penetrate BBB

most gram + (staph/streptococcus)

used for: cellulitis, abscesses, URI, UTI

A

cefazolin

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3
Q

Generation 2 cephalosporins: (3)

A

Cefuroxime

Cefoxitin

Cefotetan

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4
Q

other name for cefuroxime

A

ceftin/zinacef

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5
Q

This cephalosporin is better gram - coverage

used for H-influenza pneumonia, UTI, otitis media

A

Cefuroxime

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6
Q

other name for cefoxitin

A

mefoxin

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7
Q

other name for cefotetan

A

cefotan

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8
Q

Name generation 3 cephalosporins

A

Cefotaxime

ceftriaxone

ceftazidime

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9
Q

other name for cefotaxime

A

Claforan

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10
Q

This cephalosporin has some cross BBB, better gram - coverage then gen. 2

treats resistant meningitis

A

Cefotaxime (claforan)

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11
Q

other name for ceftriaxone

A

Rocephin

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12
Q

this abx is used to tx gonorrhea

A

rocephin (cefriaxone)

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13
Q

other name for ceftazidime

A

Fortaz

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14
Q

Fourth Generation Cephalosporin

A

Cefepime

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15
Q

Other name for cefepime

A

maxipime

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16
Q

This 4th generation cephalosporin is most resistant to hydrolysis by lactamases

usually reserved for multi-resistant organism and penetrates the BBB well

A

cefepime

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17
Q

Adverse reactions with this abx class

Hypersensitivity: uncommon

-Rashes, fever, nephritis, anaphylaxis
-Potential production deficit of Vitamin K
-Common cause of colitis (3rd generation)

A

cephalosporins

18
Q

For true anaphylaxis of cephalosporins use ____ & ____ instead

A

vancomycin and clindamycin

19
Q

this abx is good activity against gram - rods (P aeruginosa and enterobacter)

A

Carbapenem

20
Q

this abx can inhibit the beta-lactamase enzyme

possess the broadest spectrum of activity

Most penetrate BBB

A

Carbapenem

21
Q

This abx can cause rashes, N/V, diarrha, Injection site reaction so it will include lidocaine in IM formulation

A

carbapenem

22
Q

If a patient is on valproic acid (depakote), you should not administer what antibiotic dt it decreasing concentration up to 90%

A

carbapenem

23
Q

This abx is too large to penetrate gram - walls but is active against gram + bacteria

A

Vancomycin

24
Q

this abx only works if the bacteria is actively diving

A

vancomycin

25
Q

this abx is most valuable against blood stream infection and endocarditis caused by MRSA

A

Vancomycin

26
Q

this abx can cause:

-phlebitis at the injection site
-chills, fever
-nephrotoxicity
-“red man” syndrome

A

Vanc

27
Q

This abx class inhibits ribosomal proteins and causes mRNA to misread

A

aminoglycosides

28
Q

this abx class is used as a synergistic effect with beta-lactams and vancomycin

A

aminoglycosides

29
Q

aminoglycosides are especially useful in ______ endocarditis

A

enterococcal endocarditis

30
Q

what is an example of aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin

31
Q

Aminoglycosides can cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

What are the factors that increase the likelihood of nephrotoxicity? (5)

A
  • elderly
    -For more than 5 days
    -In renal insufficiency
    -With higher doses
    -Concurrent with loop diuretics
32
Q

this abx class can have a curare-like affect

A

aminoglycosides

33
Q

this drug class inhibits DNA protein synthesis

A

Fluoroquinolone

34
Q

This Abx class is excellent with gram - organisms: UTI, bacterial diarrhea, bone/joint infection

A

Fluoroquinolone

35
Q

two examples of fluoroquinolones

A

ciprofloxacin (cipro)

levofloxacin (Levaquin)

36
Q

This abx class includes these adverse reactions

-N/V/D
-Prolongation of QT interval
-Cartilage damage/tendon rupture

A

fluoroquinolone

37
Q

The risk of cartilage damage/tendon rupture while taking fluoroquinolone is increased with 3 things:

A

-renal insufficiency
-concurrent steroid use
-advance age

38
Q

this abx class are antiprotozoal/anaerobic antibacterial

indicated for: intra-abdominal infections, vaginitis, & c-diff

A

metronidazole

39
Q

this abx class forms toxic byproducts that cause unstable DNA molecules

A

metronidazole

40
Q

Adverse reactions for ______

-nausea, peripheral neuropathy (prolonged use), disulfiram-like effect

A

metronidazole

Principles Anesthesia II (2 decks)

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