Abuse

Question 1

Types of Abuse

Answer 1

1. Neglect
2. Emotional - omission
3. Physical - commission
4. Sexual - commission

child abuse/neglect defined in terms of degree to which parent uses aversive/inappropriate control strategies and/or fails to provide minimal standards of caregiving.

Question 2

Is it neglect?

Answer 2

Neglect cannot be judged by a single event, rather by the chronicity and severity of the event.

Question 3

Impact of attachments

Answer 3

insecure-disorganized attachment…

• greater riskfor falling behind in cognitive/social development
• problems regulating emotion;behaviors with others.

affects perception –> interfere with children’s ability to seek comfort and regulate their own physiological and emotional processes. As a result, young maltreated children are morel likely than other children to show an absence of an organized attachment strategy.Without consistent stimulation, comfort, and routine to aid in the formation of secure attachments, maltreated infants and toddlers have considerable difficulty establishing a reciprocal, consistent pattern of interaction with their caregivers. Instead they show a pattern described as insecure-disorganized attachment, characterized by a mixture of approach and avoidance, helplessness, apprehension, and a general disorientation. The lack of a secure, consistent basis for relationships places these children at greater risk of falling behind in their cognitive and social development, and can result in their having problems regulating their emotions and behavior with others.

Question 4

PTSD in abuse victims?

Answer 4

PTSD commin children with phsycial and or sexual abuse

20-50%
1/3 meet criteria for lifetime PTSD

Question 5

Impact from the HPA

Answer 5

HPA & norepinephrine systems alterations → affect one’s response to stress
- brain areas implicated → hippocampus (learning and memory), the prefrontal cortex and

Question 6

Relational Conflicts

Answer 6

• Children with disabilities such as mental retardation or physical impairments are three times more likely to be abused than were their non-disabled peers based on a large population-based sample.
• Disobedience, fighting and arguining, accident, and dangerous behavior, which may produce anger and tension in some adults.
• Marital violence (domestic violence)
  o Disagreements over childrearing, discipline, and each partner’s responsibilities in child care.
  o Further worsen if child instigates or wants attention
  o Children’s behavioral and motional reactions creates additional stress.

If children are disobedient at school or are performing poorly in school, parents’ stress levels might be heightened and the likelihood of abuse or neglect might increase. Conjoint behavioral consultation which includes parents and teachers would help the situation at home. You could deal with one kid at a time or more than one kid at a time. Ex. Positive behavior support (PBS) → deals with more than one student.

We can do academic consultations. We can do RTI to take care of all students.

Question 7

If suspect abuse…

Answer 7

REPORT…don’t try to investigate!!!

Assessments are more typically the domain of child protective services or adult forensic work, and less likely to be part of general psychological practice.

Yes, if a child is acting up in class and is performing poorly in school. Psychologist can do a quick screener if a red flag is raised.

School psychs can assess outcomes and how it might be affecting school
- social and behavioral functioning
o Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)
o Behavior Assessment System for children (BASC 2)
o Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI)
o Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC)
- cognitive and social cognitive
o Children’s Atrribution Style Questionnaire- Revised (CASQ-R)

WRITE EVERYTHING DOWN…document…
notify CPS and principle

Question 8

Abusers become abusers?

Answer 8

Less than 50% become perpetrators. Base rate for being a perpetrator is low, but being a perpetrator increases your risk.

Vicarious learning might be involved. Emotional deregulation is involved. Things are biological in nature. Sexual preference becomes distorted in victims. Parent may be passing bad genes to children.

Question 9

Affect Dysregulation and Emotional Competence

Answer 9

that psychological processes such as perception and regulation of emotional reactions may be altered in those who been subject to abuse

Sexually abused children are less able to encode and decode facial expressions, understand dynamics behind emotionally arousing situations, or regulate emotions within a context of peer relationships. Less aware of won emotions,interpret emotional information → problems with relationships.

Question 10

Coping (Six factors)

Answer 10

Casey and Debow (1992)

Effective

• Problem solving
• seeking social support

Inneffective

• distancing
• internalizing
• externalizing

6th
Then, assess perception of the event as controllable or uncontrollable’

coping is situation specific