Abstracts 2016 #1 Flashcards
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
Which breeds were most commonly affected?
Cocker spaniels and scottish terriers (7/14 dogs)
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
What were the most common clinical sign?
What (counterintuitive) sign did no dogs present with?
Halitosis (14/14)
Mandibular lymphadenopathy (11/14)
oral pain (9/14)
imappetance/difficulty eating (6/14)
NO DOG HAD A FEVER
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
What was the most common historical finding in affected dogs?
Recent dental extractions (63.3% of cases)
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
What were exclusion criteria?
neoplasia, electric burns and radiation therapy
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
What was the ratio of maxilla to mandible?
60% in the maxilla, 40% in the mandible
According to Peralta S, Arzi B, Nemec A, in Non-Radiation-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs: 14 Cases (1996-2014),
Which radiograph would be an accurate representation of the amount of pathology?
Mandibular rad.
maxillary rads don’t correlate well with CT or surgical explorational extent of disease.
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
Hown many patients and sites were found over the 25 years?
13 patients, 15 sites
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
How many sites were considered secondary to dental extraction?
3
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
What is the difference in this paper between ONJ and ORNJ?
Osteonecrosis of the jaw was considered with tumor recurrence (5 cases)
osteoradionecrosis of the jaw was considered when there was no tumor recurrence
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
Relative to the target field, where were lesions located and how many?
8 in the radiation region
4 in an adjacent area of tissue
1 in the contralateral mandible
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
What was the time to onset from treatment
Range
median
mean
Range 2-44 months
median 9.8 months
mean 12.4 months
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
Below what dose of radiation is the risk considered low in people?
60 Gy
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
What are other identified risk factors in people?
- Co-60 RT,
- high total doses,
- short regimens with higher dose/fraction,
- large field size
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
What factors are associated with lower risk?
- megavoltage RT (higher energy than orthovoltage)
- continuous hyperfractionated (more smaller fractions with less down time between)
- corticosteroid use during treatment
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
What imaging modality would be the most likely to correlate well with true findings in this lesion?
According to Nemec A, Arzi B, Hansen K, et al. in Osteonecrosis of the Jaws in Dogs in Previously Irradiated Fields: 13 Cases (1989-2014).
Assuming there has been no tumor recurrence in this lesion found in a previously irradiated field,
When performing surgical debridement of this lesion, what signs would tell you that debridement is complete?
Normal appearing bone that bleeds readily.
According to Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. in Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management,
What is the most common TDI in cats?
Enamel-dentin-pulp fracture
Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management
How prevalent are TDI’s in HEALTHY patients?
27% of healthy cats and dogs have a TDI
Soukup JW, Snyder CJ. Traumatic Dentoalveolar and Maxillofacial Injuries in Cats: Overview of diagnosis and management
How prevalent are TDIs in cases of maxillofacial trauma?
72% of cases have a TDI
According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,
What was performed in this study?
Measured dies from crowns with a laser scanner to evaluate surface area, and then used physical measurements to create a mathematical model to predict a crown pre’s surface area.
According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,
What 2 shapes were the best approximation?
Right elliptical frustrum (cone with amputated tip)
Right elliptical cone
According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,
Why do the not recommend using the best models chairside in clinical practice?
require laser scanning (elliptical frustrum) and complicated computer software mathematics
According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,
What is the recommended model to use in clinical practice, why?
Circular cone - only requires 2 measurements and simple equation
need major base diameter and height
According to Collins CJ, Hetzel SJ, Siverling S, Ploeg HL, Soukup JW. in
Quantitative Comparison of Mathematical Models to Measure Surface Area of Canine Teeth Prepared to Receive Full Veneer Crowns in Dogs,
What other 2 shapes provided an accurate estimate, and what is the drawback to using them chairside?
Right pyramidal cone and circular frustrum
both need 3 measurements and equations are more difficult.
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite (‘parrot mouth’) in 73 foals (1999-2013)
Which lines in the photo below represent overbite and overjet? Describe the difference.
AB Overjet
CD overbite
overjet is how far the labial surface is rostral to where it should be (i.e. in line with labial surface of the mandibular incisors.)
Overbite is how far the occlusal surface is from where it should be (i.e. occluding with the mandibular incisors)
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite (‘parrot mouth’) in 73 foals (1999-2013)
What was done in this study?
restrospective looking at correction of MAL2 in foals using a device like this. orthodontic wires and an incline plane
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite (‘parrot mouth’) in 73 foals (1999-2013)
What surgical and post op complications were seen?
surgical - bleeding major palatine arteries
post-op - device hurt mare’s udder
permanent incisors abnormal eruption in 7
valve diastema between maxillary 07’s and 08’s in ALL foals
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite (‘parrot mouth’) in 73 foals (1999-2013)
in what proportion of overbites and overjets did treatment reduce the malocclusion?
Overjet 95%
Overbite 90%
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite (‘parrot mouth’) in 73 foals (1999-2013)
What proportion of foals had a complete reduction of overjet and what proportion had a reduction to <5mm overjet?
25% complete reduction
51% to <5mm (functionally corrected)
According to Easley J, Dixon PM, Reardon RJ. Orthodontic correction of overjet/overbite (‘parrot mouth’) in 73 foals (1999-2013)
What factors had a positive impact on treatment?
starting at an early age
increased severity at diagnosis had a positive association with rate of correction
According to Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupre G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome.
Which breed had the smaller airway?
The pug
According to Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupre G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome.
In what location was the airway the smallest?
Dorsal to the caudal end of the soft palate
According to Heidenreich D, Gradner G, Kneissl S, Dupre G. Nasopharyngeal Dimensions From Computed Tomography of Pugs and French Bulldogs With Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome.
Which breed has the larger and thicker soft palate?
french bulldog
According to Suske A, Poschke A, Schrock P, Kirschner S, Brockmann M, Staszyk C.
Infundibula of equine maxillary cheek teeth. Part 1: Development, blood supply and infundibular cementogenesis.
Why is the mesial infundibulum more prone to incomplete cementogenesis?
central artery supplying bloodflow for genetation of cementum is destroyed at eruption. lateral arteries located more coronally, and destroyed soon after eruption for mesial infundibulum, wheras the distal infundibulum has a more apically located artery which persists for longer after eruption.
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
What was performed in this study?
- harvested fat from 9 cats with non responsive FCGS.
- grew mesenchymal stem cells from them and injected them IV back into the cats.
- repeated injection after 1 month
- 20 million stem cells per injection
measured response to treatment via blood markers, histopath and a clinical scorinng system
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
what T cell changes are seen in cats with stomatitis?
High CD8+ cells and a low CD4:CD8 ratio
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
What are the immunomodulatory mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells?
- MSCs inhibit T-cell proliferation,
- alter B-cell function,
- downregulate MHC II on antigen-presenting cells,
- inhibit dendritic cell maturation and differentiation
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
what cytokine change was seen in cats that responded?
increase in serum IL-6
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
what proportion of cats had a cure or significant improvement?
5/7 or 71%
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
What T cell change was predictive of response to therapy?
low percentage of CD8+ lo cells predicted response to therapy
According to Arzi et al. in Therapeutic Efficacy of Fresh, Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Severe Refractory Gingivostomatitis in Cats,
Succesful ASC treatment resulted in what 5 outcomes?
- (a) complete clinical remission or reduction in clinical disease severity,
- (b) histologic resolution of the oral lesions,
- (c) reduction of total circulating CD8+ T cells (and increased CD8lo cells),
- (d) resolution of neutrophilia and reduction of serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations (IL-1b and IFN-g), and
- (e) increases in serum IL-6 levels.
According to Chinkangsadarn T, Wilson GJ, Greer RM, Pollitt CC, Bird PS. in
An abattoir survey of equine dental abnormalities in Queensland, Australia,
What were the 4 most common abnormalities identified, in order of prevalence?
Sharp enamel points
Hooks
Wave mouth
periodontal pockets
According to Chinkangsadarn T, Wilson GJ, Greer RM, Pollitt CC, Bird PS. in
An abattoir survey of equine dental abnormalities in Queensland, Australia,
Identify the equine abnormality in b (arrows and star), c and d.
a. normal
b. hook and sharp enamel points
c step
d. diastemata and periodontal pockets.
N.B. Wave mouth not shown
Schwabenlander M, Stepaniuk K, Carstensen M, Armien AG.
Brain, Craniofacial, and Dental Lesions of a Free-ranging Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) Implicated in a Human Attack in Minnesota, USA.
•A wolf implicated in a human attack had a messed up skull, dentition and brain.
