Abstract & Introduction

Question 1

use this points at the end of writing the paper to check everything

Answer 1

2. The introduction should include a clear description of the purpose, aims and objectives of the thesis, which are expressed by means of research objectives and research questions. In addition, an overview of the overall structure of the thesis should be presented.
3. The theoretical foundation should in turn reflect a critical examination of literature relevant to the topic. Relevant literature includes relevant textbooks, reference books and articles from academic journals. The students can decide for themselves how they would like to structure the literature analysis.
4. The thesis must include a chapter explaining the applied research methods (empirical research with qualitative or quantitative methods, literature and review work or method mix). For this purpose, the survey and analysis methodology are to be justified and explained. For this purpose, relevant literature should also be referenced, which contains detailed descriptions of the various possibilities. A critique of the methods also belongs in this chapter:

Question 2

https://idoc.pub/queue/techniques-of-value-analysis-and-engineering-by-lawrence-d-miles-134w556zqy47

Answer 2

https://alison.com/topic/learn/93092/ve-tools-and-techniques-i

Question 3

اضافة صورة عن gain from value engineering at the beginning of the project

Answer 3

https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=value+engineering+in+construction&qpvt=value+engineering+in+construction&view=detail&mid=6AF75751E69329FFF2E06AF75751E69329FFF2E0&&FORM=VRDGAR&ru=%2Fvideos%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dvalue%2Bengineering%2Bin%2Bconstruction%26qpvt%3Dvalue%2Bengineering%2Bin%2Bconstruction%26FORM%3DVDRE

Question 4

file:///C:/Users/zinah/Downloads/A_Decade_of_Value_Engineering_in_Construction_Proj.pdf

In the time that Value Engineering seems as nicely established in developed nations, Value Engineering utilization in construction projects is still growing in developing countries. Developing nations are in the leading position to profit from the application of Value Engineering techniques in regarg of enhanced project implementation and cost optimization. To aid developing countries promote the adoption of VE, more examination is required on the most profitable practices and advantages of needing VE, as there has been little of it.

Answer 4

VE appears to be well established in developed countries,
whereas developing countries are continuing to expand VE
involvement in construction projects. In many respects,
developing countries have the most to gain from VE
implementation through improved project performance and
cost optimization. However, research on the best practices
and benefits achieved from mandating VE is limited and
warrants further investigation to assist developing countries
in encouraging the adoption of VE.

Question 5

file:///C:/Users/zinah/Downloads/A_Decade_of_Value_Engineering_in_Construction_Proj.pdf

Answer 5

[30] investigated the integration of risk
management with VE with the aim to focus on improving
project delivery efficiency and risk reduction at the same
time. Furthermore, combining RM and VE in a single
workshop could avoid duplication and deliver better
project outcomes and value. VE is also scalable, making it
well suited for projects of widely varying size and complexity. However, relatively little research has examined
scalability issues, particularly in terms of resource investment depending on project size or value.

Question 6

we should mention with our objectives that we are aiming for a cost-effective design to lower the cost of the project.

Question 7

we will treat the civil work as the product that we want to deliver.

as a future project manager I’m trying to take the culture in consideration

Question 8

this paper is to show how simple is appling ve and defiy the following points

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323011974_The_Methodology_of_Using_Value_Engineering_in_Construction_Projects_Management

Answer 8

Barriers of Unsuccessful Use of Value Engineering in Construction Projects The barriers of using value engineering or the causes of its failure in construction projects included the following:  Lack of belief, lack of accepting design agents involved particularly construction projects employer  Wrong imagination of obtaining improvement and decreasing cost through improper design and lack of adequate studies by design consultant in construction projects  The resistance of designer and consultant of construction projects against accepting to investigating design through value engineering due to the imagination of insulting to own specialist place  Lack of belief of design agents involved particularly contractors in value engineering process due to unsuccessful experiences of other methods decreasing cost and improving design or construction process

Question 9

Construction projects are implemented in different countries with heavy costs and some of the projects have been
relatively or absolutely unsuccessful and even faced with irreversible losses after construction. Maybe, it is due to
complexities related to projects or othp
can be used as a helpful tool from the beginning of studies to the end of designing, constructing, exploiting, and
maintaining processes and overcome civil designs’ challenges and complexities. Value engineering is a method
experienced in management that has an organized approach. Value engineering has a systematic and cooperative
mechanism to analyze function and systems with the aim of achieving desirable function with the least costs. This study
has attempted to briefly introduce concepts and executive process of value engineering in construction projects. Also, the
study has attempted to investigate conventional methods of evaluating projects function and compare them convergence
with value engineering to improve projects. Based on the research findings, it can be found that if we can expect to
achieve projects objectives by spending the least cost and ensure the efficacy of investment in construction projects
management sector as a main challenge of development plans in the third world countries through using engineering in
appropriate time periods and in different phases.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323011974_The_Methodology_of_Using_Value_Engineering_in_Construction_Projects_Management

Question 10

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Answer 10

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Question 11

3160-Article Text-12967-1-10-20130205 (1)

6th International Conference on the Built Environment in Developing Countries

Answer 11

The magnitude of this transition is breathtaking. United Nations data reveals that in 1950 an estimated 29% of world population lived in urban areas. By the year 2000 this had increased to 46% and within the following decade exceeded 50% of world population. Current projections estimate that by the year 2050 some 70% of world population will be urban1. Numerically, this will equate to some 6.3 billion people. A more nuanced consideration of this data reveals that the most rapid rates of urbanization are occurring within those countries and regions classified as developing. The World Health Organisation estimates that during the decade from 1995 to 2005, cities within developing countries were growing by some 1.2 million people per week2 and that, while the evidence suggests these growth rates have declined slightly, by the year 2050 the urban population of developing countries globally is estimated to swell to some 5.2 billion people3. The challenges that such growth embodies are complex, diverse and pressing.
However, living in the built environment is but simply one part of the equation.

Question 12

use this paper in opining of abstract or the introduction
also look for the rest of this paper.

6th International Conference on the Built Environment in Developing Countries

Answer 12

These challenges are complex and so demand nuanced, trans-disciplinary insights and approaches to identify address and confront them. As our lives become increasingly interwoven with the urban, the built environment provides an increasingly critical space within which these issues and challenges can and must be addressed.
It is in this context that the 2012 International Conference on the Built Environment in Developing Countries (ICBEDC) adopts the theme Fragmented Futures: The Built Environment in a Volatile World. Building upon the highly successful 2011 ICBEDC theme of Re-Humanizing the Built Environment, we continue our commitment to fostering an

Question 13

Approaches of Implementing ICT Technologies within the Construction Industry

3161-Article Text-12971-1-10-20130205

Answer 13

the area of information and communication technologies (ICTs).

Question 14

Approaches of Implementing ICT Technologies within the Construction Industry

3161-Article Text-12971-1-10-20130205

Answer 14

This paper has an exploratory approach with
the aim of reviewing the existing research publications on the subject, describing the current
state of ICTs in construction industry, and introducing some successful methods. The
presented discussions will provide guidelines for practitioners and policy makers in the
construction industry regarding the advantages of adopting ICTs for enhancing the efficiency
of the construction industry. The methods introduced could be beneficial for key construction
stakeholders in developing countries by presenting the advantages gained from merging
ICTs into construction projects processes based on methods previously tested in developed
economies.

Question 15

Approaches of Implementing ICT Technologies within the Construction Industry

3161-Article Text-12971-1-10-20130205

Answer 15

Introduction
It is not an exaggeration to say that construction has not been one of the pioneer industries to embrace technology (Ruddock, 2006) because of being unsure about the positive effects (Andresen et al., 2000). Technological

Question 16

An Integrated Value Management (IVM)
for Construction Projects in Malaysia

abdulhamid2011

رجعي لل ورق الاصلي موكل النص طالع

Answer 16

Of late, the concept of Value Management (VM) is
becoming vital in the implementation of construction projects.
Value Management is a systematic and innovative methodology
with multi-disciplinary approach targeted to achieve better value
of construction products. However, VM is criticized for the fact
that it focused solely on value for money, lack of creativity and
fails to include the concept of risk management at the early
project stage. Therefore, this paper intents to propose a new
conceptual framework of Integrated Value Management (IVM)
concept as an alternative to VM framework for construction
projects in Malaysia.

Answer 17

2011
IEEE
Symposium
on
Business,
Engineering
and
Industrial
Applications
(ISBEIA),
Langkawi,
Malaysia
Construction
projects are unique in nature and inevitably involve
complicated and numerous risks [7]. Risk appears in
specifying client’s requirements that have been frequently
overlooked in the VM literature. In fact, many clients may
have difficulties in expressing their requirements precisely and
do not know exactly what they really want. Construction
projects involve different client’s background therefore, there
is an urge to integrate risk management concept to ensure the
end product could satisfy both clients and project stakeholders.
In spite of value engineering and risk management concepts,
partnering is also seen to be vital to be incorporated in the
development of construction projects. Partnering could
stimulate construction parties to cooperate in terms of
providing financial aids, technology, skills, knowledge,
resources,
expertise
to
determine
the
efficiency
and
effectiveness of project outcomes [8].
978-1

Answer 18

purely based on literature review. The notio
Value Management (IVM) approach is base
that the three key components are inevitab
project development to enhance a successfu
that benefits to both clients and project stake
II. THE BENEFITS.
The key components of IVM (value
management, and partnering) are ine
development of construction projects. Fo
engineering allow changes to be made d
phase, hence it assists project client to obtain
Value engineering is also beneficial to cont
offers the potential to earn higher profit
enhances their reputation in the industry as l
of goods and services [9].
Meanwhile, risk management is important t
contractors. Construction industry has witn
changes particularly in procurement meth
allocating greater risks to contractors [10
many contractors do not have the experienc
to manage the risk effectively. Therefore,
management, risks are assessed by their pote
development of the project. It would be an
contractors to increase their awareness, id
factors affecting cost performance, assess
likelihood and take appropriate measures i
their impact on cost performance[10].
The concept of partnering in construction ad
based relationship [11]. Some projects fac
adversarial relationships, conflict and
stakeholders. In this regards, the use
arrangement can create more cooperati
relationship between clients and contractors
traditional contract the contractor has the exc
Author Jergeas et al. (1999) Dumond (200
Integrated Element
Integrated Value Management
* Strategic Alliances (SA)
/Partnering
* Value Engineering (VE)
* Risk Management (RM)
* Constructability
VM Framewo
* Training
* Informa
* Job Desi
* Interface
* Perform
System
Diagram
IVM
SA
VE
Constru
ctability
RM V
T
IR
IS
Table 1: Key discipline model for Value Manageme
mponents namely:
partnering in the
proposed as an
ent. The study is
on of an Integrated
ed on the premise
ble in construction
ul project outcome
holders.

Question 19

fellows2012

Construction Management and Economics

Answer 19

Aim and objectives
The aim of this paper is: to explore boundary management
on engineering construction projects to
address issues of fragmentation and of performance.
The objectives are: to investigate theory and practices
of boundary management; to examine the ways
and extents to which boundary management operates
on engineering construction projects; and to produce
a research agenda for studying further, important
aspects of boundary management impacting on
engineering construction projects.

Question 20

fellows2012

Construction Management and Economics

Answer 20

developments (potentially) applicable to engineering
specialists and increase the need for integration skills.
Multi-skilling is rare and document-based thinking is
construction projects. The widespread criticism based
prevalent . . . Appreciation of linkages between work
around ‘fragmentation’ is examined in its major forms
products in different functional areas, and the ramifi
(and from alternative perspectives) as a precursor to
cations
of this interdependency, is limited.
discussion of the natures of boundaries and approaches
to their management. Behavioural issues (in the social
Thus, this section explores organizational separa
technical
system) which affect the relationships of team
tion
and the natures of boundaries of organizations
boundary spanning activities and team/organization
likely to be involved with construction projects, exam
performance are addressed together with boundary
ines
managerial issues relating to the boundaries, and
management from the perspective of complex organi
discusses the consequences of alternative boundary
zations
to identify implications for complex engineering
management approaches.
construction
projects
(such
as
projects
executed
through public private partnerships (PPPs) and other
forms of joint ventures (JVs)) as well as issues of gover
Fragmentation
nance
of major engineering construction projects. The
discussion addresses the current understanding and
Generally, fragmentation has been regarded as occur
practices of boundary management on projects and a
ring
along two dimensions—horizontal and vertical.
research agenda is proffered for advancing enquiry
Horizontal fragmentation concerns the multiplicity of
prior
to
drawing
conclusions
regarding
the
aim,
actors
(individuals,
organizations,
business
units)
objectives and main issues revealed.
which carry out functions at, approximately, the same
stage of a process (e.g. schematic design of a build
Fragmentation and the concept of team
ing).
Vertical fragmentation concerns the splitting up
of a total process into components/stages which are
boundary
executed by significantly separated functional actors
(e.g. structural engineering design and reinforcement
Essentially,
the
lifecycles
of
the
great
majority
of
supply and fix). Reports on the construction industry
construction
projects
are
replete
with
boundaries
have variously, but consistently, criticized the industry
which have to be managed. It is not only the reali
for its fragmentation—Egan (1998) regarding horizon
zation
phase of such projects which incurs TMOs
tal
aspects (at the ‘main’ contractor level); Higgin and
(the ‘quasi-firm’, Eccles, 1981) but also the occupa
Jessop (1965) regarding vertical fragmentation (that in
tion
and use and the disposal phases. Further, the
no other industry is production so far removed from
temporal nature of fragmentation (transient involve
design). The construction industry exhibits extensive
ments
of participants in project TMOs and different
fragmentation along both dimensions and, especially
participants
on
successive
projects)
constrains
the
for major projects, there is increasingly likely to be
acquisition
and
passing
on
of
knowledge
between
extensive fragmentation of the client/customer also—
projects and its capturing by permanent organiza
owners, financiers, occupiers, users—plus government
tions.
The occupation and use phase (by far the
agencies and a variety of other stakeholders.
most
protracted
and
financiall
significan
for
the
Horizontal
fragmentation
is
common
in
most
majority of projects) is, now, widely subject to out
industries—the variety of organizations which carry
sourcing
of ‘facility management’ activities, usually
out supply functions. Those organizations differ by
including transient involvement of specialist subcon
type of business unit (but, usually, companies—espe
tractors
for
the
work
required
(both
construction
cially,
public limited companies—dominate), struc
and building operating related—e.g. security). Thus,
ture,
size, location and scope. Of some 195 000
construction projects are executed by varying combi
private contractors in UK in 2009, 124 employed
nations
of permanent and temporary organizations,
over 600 people each, while over 181 000 employed
both categories of which exhibit performance which
fewer than 14 persons each; under 45 000 were ‘main
is consequent on the other and, for the constituents
trades’, including housebuilding, and details are given
of the temporary organizations, is interdependent on
of both trade and locational distributions (Office for
the other members of the TMO (see, e.g., Berggren
National
Statistics,
2010).
The
Banwell
Report
et al., 2001).
(1964) was instrumental in clients of the industry
The current issues are encapsulated by Owen et al.
(particularly,
public
sector)
moving
from
open
to
(2010, p. 235) who note that:
selective tendering for constructor selection in endeav
ouring
to secure bidders more suited to the work
The
increased
performance
requirements
and
involved
in
a
project
and,
hence,
both
improved
complexity of constructed facilities require additional