Absolutives, ta-participles, Infinitives Flashcards
Often in sanskrit, how many FINITE vers will there be in a sentence ?
Often only one
How will the other verbs be expressed ?
As ABSOLUTIVES (gerunds) or as ta-PARTICIPLES
How do you decline an Absolutive ?
You don’t!
What does an Absolutive refer to?
The main agent in the sentence
What is the Absolutive for ^dru ‘to run’ ?
Drutvā - ‘having run’
What is the Absolutive for ^gam ‘to go’ ?
Gatvā - ‘having gone’
How do you decline a ta-participle?
Like an ‘a’ stem NOMINAL - in agreement with the NOMINAL to which the verb refers.
(They behave like adjectives)
What is the ta-participle of ^Bhr ‘ to carry’ ?
Bhrta ‘Having been carried’
What is the ta-participle of ^Bhu ‘to be/become’ ?
Bhūta ‘Having become’
What is the ta-participle of ^gam ‘to go’
Gata ‘Having gone’
What is the ta-participle of ^kr ‘ to do’ ?
Krta ‘having been done’
What are participles ?
Participles are (behave like) adjectives formed from VERBAL roots, and thus are known as verbal adjectives.
What are the 3 uses of participles?
- Attributive (like an adjective) 2. Substantivised (like a noun) 3. In the place of a finite verb.
Give an example of an infinitive verb.
To be, to run, to eat.
How do you form Infinitive verbs?
Root in Guna grade, then add - tum.
(E.g. ^gam = gantum ‘to go’)
