Absolutism and enlightenment

Question 1

Rev. of Edict of Nantes

Answer 1

The revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685) by Louis XIV ended religious freedom for the French Protestants and led to their persecution.

Question 2

Versailles

Answer 2

The grand palace built by Louis XIV, symbolizing absolute monarch and centralizing political power in France

Question 3

Court Etiquette

Answer 3

The formal rules and rituals followed at royal courts, used to reinforce social hierarchy and control

Question 4

Absolutism

Answer 4

A political system where a monarch holds absolute power over the government ad the people, often justified by divine right

Question 5

Deism

Answer 5

A philosophical belief that God created the universe but does not intervene in its operations, emphasizing reason and nuatural laws

Question 6

Commonwealth

Answer 6

A republican form of government without a monarch, exemplified by Oliver Cromwell’s rule in England

Question 7

Tsar / Czar

Answer 7

The title for the emperor of Russia, derived from “Caesar”, denoting absolute rule

Question 8

Bill of rights

Answer 8

A 1689 English law that limited royal power and affirmed the rights of Parliament and individuals

Question 9

Philosophes

Answer 9

Enlightenment thinkers in France who promoted reason, individual liberty, and reforms in government and society

Question 10

Pietism

Answer 10

A religious movement in the 17th - 18th centuries emphasizing personal faith, devotion, and piety over formal church rituals

Question 11

Mercantilism

Answer 11

An economic theory that advocated for a nation’s strength through accumulating wealth, typically through a favorable balance of trade

Question 12

Glorious Revolution

Answer 12

The 1688 overthrow of James II of England, leading to the ascension of William and Mary and the establishment of constitutional monarch

Question 13

The Academies

Answer 13

Institutions in the 167th and 18th centuries in Euopre promoting the arts, sciences, and education, such as the French Academy of Sciences.

Question 14

Enlightened Despot

Answer 14

A monarch who rules with absolute power but embraces Enlightenment ideas like rationality, legal reform, and individual rights

Question 15

Rationalism

Answer 15

The philosophy that reason and knowledge are the primary source of truth and understanding, often associated with Enlightenment thinkers

Question 16

Pragmatic Sanction

Answer 16

A 1713 decree issued by Charles VI of Austria ensuring that his daughter, Maria Theresa, could inherit the Habsburg lands

Question 17

Restoration

Answer 17

The return of Charles II to the English throne in 1660, restoring the monarchy after the collapse of the Commonwealth.

Question 18

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 18

A 1494 agreement between Spain and Portugal, dividing the New World between them to avoid conflict over newly discovered lands.

Question 19

Columbian Exchange

Answer 19

The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between the Americas, Europe, and Africa after Christopher Columbus’s voyages.

Question 20

France

Answer 20

A European country known for its monarchy, culture, and influence in European politics, particularly under the Bourbons.

Question 21

Bourbons

Answer 21

A royal family in France, most notably represented by Louis XIV and Louis XVI, whose reigns shaped French history.

Question 22

Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 22

Chief minister to Louis XIII of France who strengthened the monarchy and centralized power, especially during the Thirty Years’ War.

Question 23

Louis XIV

Answer 23

Known as the Sun King, hes reigh symbolized absolute monarch and centralized power in France

Question 24

Louis XVI

Answer 24

The last king of France before the French Revolution, whose inability to solver France’s financial crises led to his downfall

Question 25

James I

Answer 25

The first Stuart king of England whose reign saw tensions between monarchy and Parliament

Question 26

Charles I

Answer 26

English king whose conflict with Parliament led to the English Civil War and his eventual execution in 1649

Question 27

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 27

Leader of the Parliamentary forces in the English Civil War, who ruled as Lord Protector

Question 28

James II

Answer 28

The last Catholic monarch of England, whose reign ended with the Glorious Revolution and the ascendancy of William and Mary

Question 29

William and Mary

Answer 29

Joint monarchs of England after the Glorious Revolution, who accepted the Bill of Rights and limited the power of the crown

Question 30

George II

Answer 30

King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1727 to 1760, the last British monarch born outside Great Britain

Question 31

Austria

Answer 31

European empire ruled by the Habsburgs, influential in European politics and war during the 17th and 18th centuries

Question 32

Hapsburgs

Answer 32

A European royal family that ruled Austria and other territories for centuries, shaping the politics of Central Euopre

Question 33

Charles VI

Answer 33

Holy Roman Emeror who issued the Pragmatic Sanction to ensure his daughter Maria Theresa's succession

Question 34

Marie Theressa

Answer 34

The only female ruler of Habsburgs dominions, whose reign was marked by reforms and military conflict

Question 35

Henry VIII

Answer 35

King of England whose creation of the Church of England split from the Catholic Church and reshaped English religion and politics

Question 36

Edward VI

Answer 36

King of England, son of Henry VII, known for his Protestant reforms, through his reign was short

Question 37

Mary

Answer 37

Queen of England, daughter of Henry VII, known for her efforts ro restore Catholicism during her reign

Question 38

Elizabeth I

Answer 38

Queen of England, daughter of Henry VII, who established the Protestant Church of England and led England to a Golden Age

Question 39

Prussia

Answer 39

A European state known for its military prowess, which rose to prominence under the Hohenzollern dynasty

Question 40

Hohenzollerns

Answer 40

A royal family that ruled Prussia and later the German Emipre, centralizing power and expanding their territory

Question 41

Frederick II (the Great)

Answer 41

King of Prussia (1740 - 1786) who modernized the military and pursued Enlightenment-inspired reforms

Question 42

Russia

Answer 42

A vast empire led by the Romanovs, known for its transformation under rulers like Peter the Great and Catherine the Great

Question 43

Romanovs

Answer 43

The ruleing family of Russia from 1613 until the 1917 Revolution, overseeing major territorial and political expanision

Question 44

Mikhail Romanov

Answer 44

The first Romanov Tsar of Russia, whose reign stabilized Russia after the Time of Troubles

Question 45

Peter the Great

Answer 45

Tsar of Russia who sought to modernize and westernice Russia, establishing St. Petersburg and expanding Russian influence

Question 46

Catherin the Great

Answer 46

Empress of Russia, known for her expansion of Russian territory and her Enlightenment-sinspired reforms