Absolutism

Question 0

Define favorable balance of trade

Answer 0

While trading you export (sell) more than you import (buy)

Question 1

Define divine right

Answer 1

The belief that the king is God’s representative on earth. The power of the king is equal to God

Question 2

Define autocrat

Answer 2

An absolute ruler, especially a monarch who holds and exercises the powers of government as by inherent right, who rules alone.

Question 3

Define Huguenot

Answer 3

A French Protestant

Question 5

Define Heretic

Answer 5

A non-believer, esp concerning religion. Someone whose beliefs differ from the accepted beliefs of a society or group

Question 6

Define Deficit spending

Answer 6

When a government’s expenditures exceed its revenues. This excess spending needs to be financed through borrowing, likely from foreign governments.

Question 7

Define Regent

Answer 7

A person who exercises the ruling power in a kingdom during the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign.

Question 8

Define Capitalism

Answer 8

An economic system based on the private ownership of resources and property. Businesses are privately owned to make a profit.

Question 9

What was the Spanish Inquisition?

Answer 9

The institution that guarded the supremacy of Catholicism in Spain, chiefly by the persecution of Jews and Muslims, esp from the 15th to 17th centuries.

Question 10

Define Economics

Answer 10

A social science that studies how people use their resources to meet their needs.

Question 11

Define Mercantilism

Answer 11

An economic system where in order to build up the nation’s treasury, a nation takes colonies and gains a favorable balance trade.

Question 12

Who is the Pope?

Answer 12

The leader of the Catholic Church.

Question 13

Define Bankrupt

Answer 13

Declared by law unable to pay outstanding debts.

Question 14

Define Westernize

Answer 14

To modernize. This was the policy of Peter the Great of Russia

Question 15

Define Czar

Answer 15

The title of a Russian monarch. It comes from the Roman title for their emperors, Casesar.

Question 16

Define Boyar

Answer 16

A Russian noble

Question 17

Identify Versailles

Answer 17

Palace built by Louis XIV outside Paris on a swamp. This palace set the standard for luxury for future European Monarchs to copy

Question 18

Identify Escorial

Answer 18

Palace built in Madrid by Philip II

Question 19

Edict of Nantes

Answer 19

This law issued in 1598 by French King Henry IV gave Huguenots freedom of religion in France. It was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685 causing 200,000 Huegenots to flee the country

Question 20

Define Armada

Answer 20

A Spanish Navy

Question 21

Who was the Absolute Monarch of Spain?

Answer 21

Philip II

Question 22

How did the emigration of 200,000 Huguenots from France effect the French economy?

Answer 22

The Huguenots were a part of the Middle Class so the French economy declined.

Question 23

Which country became the strongest European country as a result of the 30 years war?

Answer 23

France

Question 24

What was the name of the financial minister who developed a mercantilist economy for France?

Answer 24

Jean Baptiste Colbert

Question 25

Which part of Philip II’s empire did he tax as an attempt to bring Spain out of bankruptcy?

Answer 25

The Netherlands

Question 26

Which European nation stepped in to help the Protestant Netherlands when Philip II closed their churches?

Answer 26

England

Question 27

Why did Philip II want to go to war with England in 1588?

Answer 27

Philip wanted to reconvert England to Roman Catholicism and remove Elizabeth from the throne.

Question 28

Why was England able to defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588?

Answer 28

The British ships were technologically superior. The British ships were smaller, more maneuverable (moveable), and carried more cannons.

Question 29

How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada impact Spain?

Answer 29

The defeat of the Armada ended the Spanish golden age.

Question 30

How did the defeat of the Spanish Armada impact England?

Answer 30

The defeat of the Armada strengthen Protestantism as England’s religion and secured England as the leading European Naval power.

Question 31

What was Peter the Great’s goal for Russia?

Answer 31

Peter wanted to Westernize (modernize) Russia

Question 32

What geographic disadvantage did Russia have in 1682 when Peter became the Czar Russia?

Answer 32

They were landlocked. They did not have a seaport.

Question 33

Why did Peter demand that the Boyars cut their beards and coats?

Answer 33

He wanted to force the Boyars to be more modern, to westernize. To give up their medieval traditions.

Question 34

How was Peter’s childhood similar to the childhood of Louis XIV?

Answer 34

They both became kings as children, they both had regents rule for them and they both had their lives threatened.

Question 35

What was the Grand Embassy?

Answer 35

This was Peter’s 16 month journey to Western Europe to learn modern medicine and technology.

Question 36

What did Peter learn during the Grand Embassy?

Answer 36

Ship building, dentistry, anatomy, printing, paper making

Question 37

How did Peter weaken the Eastern Orthodox Church?

Answer 37

He put the Patriarch under his direct control.

Question 38

Who did Peter fight for a port on the Baltic Sea?

Answer 38

Sweden

Question 39

What did Peter name his new capital city on the Baltic?

Answer 39

St. Petersburg

Question 40

Which palace did he try to outdo when building his new palace?

Answer 40

Versailles, the palace of Louis XIV

Question 41

How did Peter and Louis XIV try to weaken the nobility?

Answer 41

They both forced them to live in the King’s new palace where they could be watched.

Question 42

Who did Peter fight to win a warm water port on the Black Sea?

Answer 42

The Ottoman Empire (the Turks)

Question 43

Which king was referred to as the “Sun King?”

Answer 43

Louis XIV