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Y4 Chem > ABS Salts Moles > Flashcards

ABS Salts Moles Flashcards

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1
Q

Solubility table

A

check notes

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2
Q

Flowchart for salt prep

A

titration - SPA salt
acid-carbonate - stable carbonates (all except aluminium and iron III)
acid-metal - reactive metal
acid-base - unreactive metal

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3
Q

Precipitation

A
  1. Mix
  2. Filter
  3. Wash
  4. Dry
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4
Q

Solid-acid reaction

A
  1. Mix in small amounts with hot ______ till in excess
  2. Filter
  3. Heat till saturation
  4. Cool for crystals to form
  5. Filter to remove excess _____
  6. Wash
  7. Dry
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5
Q

Titration

A
  1. Fill up a 50cm3 burette with _______ of unknown concentration
  2. Pipette 25cm3 of ________ into a 250cm3 conical flask and add 2 drops of ______ indicator
  3. Titrate _____ against ________
  4. Record the volume of _______ used when the indicator first turns ______ in a single drop
  5. Repeat the titration till consistent results are obtained
  6. Calculate the average volume of _____ used from the 2 best readings
  7. Repeat the titration with the calculated volume of _____ without the indicator
  8. Heat the solution till saturation
  9. Allow the solution to cool for crystals to form
  10. Filter the mixture to remove excess _____
  11. Wash the crystals with a small amount of distilled water
  12. Dry the crystals between a few sheets of filter paper
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6
Q

Salts definition

A

A substance formed when a metallic or ammonium ion replaces one or more hydrogen ions of an acid

It consists of a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- and O2-

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7
Q

Isotope definition

A

atoms of the same element but with different no. of neutrons

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8
Q

Definition of relative atomic/molecular mass

A

The average mass of an atom of an element when compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon 12

The mass of a molecule of a covalent substance when compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon 12

The mass of one formula unit of an ionic substance when compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon 12

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9
Q

Definition of percentage mass composition

A

Percentage by mass of each element in a compound

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10
Q

Mole definition

A

Amount of substance that contains the same number of particles as the number of atoms in exactly 12g of carbon 12 isotope

6.02x10^23

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11
Q

Molar mass units

A

g/mol

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12
Q

Empirical formula table

A

Element
Mass/g
Ar
Number of moles/mol
Mole ratio
The simplest whole number ratio

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13
Q

Gas avogardos law definition

A

Avogardos law states that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules

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14
Q

Definition of concentration + units

A

Amount of solute dissolved in a unit volume of solution

g/dm3
mol/dm3 (molarity/molar conc)

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15
Q

Why cannot get the theoretical yield

A
  1. Impure reactants
  2. Loss of reactants during transfer
  3. Incomplete reaction
  4. Reversible reaction
  5. Undergoing further reaction
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16
Q

Acid + Sulfite reaction

A

Salt + Sulfur dioxide + Water

17
Q

Acid and bases definition

A

A substance that dissociates to produce H+/OH- ions when dissolved in water
Reacts with each other to produce a salt and water only

Weak acids
- ethanoic ch3cooh
- citric c6h8o7
- carbonic h2co3
- phosphoric h3po4

18
Q

Dissociation definition

A

Splitting of a soluble substance in water into ions which are now free to move about in the solution

19
Q

Strength acid definition

A

The tendency for an acid to release H+ upon dissociation
Extent of dissociation

20
Q

Metal oxides + soluble/insoluble

A

Basic properties

Soluble: Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium, Barium
Insoluble: Magnesium, Copper II, Iron II, Iron III

21
Q

Sulfur dioxide + Water
Sulfur trioxide + Water

A

Sulfurous acid
Sulfuric acid

22
Q

Base + Ammonium salt

A

Ammonia Salt Water

23
Q

Pollutants (Source + impacts)

A

Check noties

24
Q

Contributors to acid rain

A
  1. Sulfur dioxide + water –> sulfurous acid (can be further oxidised to sulfuric acid)
  2. nitrogen oxides + oxygen + water –> nitric acid
  3. carbon dioxide + water –> carbonic acid
25
Q

Effects of acid rain1

A

Damage buildings (react w marble/limestone)
Crops (leach nutrients)
Aquatic life (make pH of water drop)

26
Q

Catalytic converter

A

Ceramic metal with platinum and rhodium catalysts

  • Carbon monoxide is oxidised to carbon dioxide
  • Oxides of nitrogen are reduced to nitrogen → 2NO + 2CO → N2 + 2CO2
  • Unburnt hydrocarbons such as octane are oxidised to carbon dioxide and water
27
Q

Explain flue gas desulfurisation

A

pass so2 over calcium carbonate to form calcium sulfite + co2 then further oxidise to calcium sulfate

Y4 Chem (10 decks)

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