ABS Salts Moles Flashcards
Solubility table
check notes
Flowchart for salt prep
titration - SPA salt
acid-carbonate - stable carbonates (all except aluminium and iron III)
acid-metal - reactive metal
acid-base - unreactive metal
Precipitation
- Mix
- Filter
- Wash
- Dry
Solid-acid reaction
- Mix in small amounts with hot ______ till in excess
- Filter
- Heat till saturation
- Cool for crystals to form
- Filter to remove excess _____
- Wash
- Dry
Titration
- Fill up a 50cm3 burette with _______ of unknown concentration
- Pipette 25cm3 of ________ into a 250cm3 conical flask and add 2 drops of ______ indicator
- Titrate _____ against ________
- Record the volume of _______ used when the indicator first turns ______ in a single drop
- Repeat the titration till consistent results are obtained
- Calculate the average volume of _____ used from the 2 best readings
- Repeat the titration with the calculated volume of _____ without the indicator
- Heat the solution till saturation
- Allow the solution to cool for crystals to form
- Filter the mixture to remove excess _____
- Wash the crystals with a small amount of distilled water
- Dry the crystals between a few sheets of filter paper
Salts definition
A substance formed when a metallic or ammonium ion replaces one or more hydrogen ions of an acid
It consists of a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- and O2-
Isotope definition
atoms of the same element but with different no. of neutrons
Definition of relative atomic/molecular mass
The average mass of an atom of an element when compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon 12
The mass of a molecule of a covalent substance when compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon 12
The mass of one formula unit of an ionic substance when compared to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon 12
Definition of percentage mass composition
Percentage by mass of each element in a compound
Mole definition
Amount of substance that contains the same number of particles as the number of atoms in exactly 12g of carbon 12 isotope
6.02x10^23
Molar mass units
g/mol
Empirical formula table
Element
Mass/g
Ar
Number of moles/mol
Mole ratio
The simplest whole number ratio
Gas avogardos law definition
Avogardos law states that equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules
Definition of concentration + units
Amount of solute dissolved in a unit volume of solution
g/dm3
mol/dm3 (molarity/molar conc)
Why cannot get the theoretical yield
- Impure reactants
- Loss of reactants during transfer
- Incomplete reaction
- Reversible reaction
- Undergoing further reaction
Acid + Sulfite reaction
Salt + Sulfur dioxide + Water
Acid and bases definition
A substance that dissociates to produce H+/OH- ions when dissolved in water
Reacts with each other to produce a salt and water only
Weak acids
- ethanoic ch3cooh
- citric c6h8o7
- carbonic h2co3
- phosphoric h3po4
Dissociation definition
Splitting of a soluble substance in water into ions which are now free to move about in the solution
Strength acid definition
The tendency for an acid to release H+ upon dissociation
Extent of dissociation
Metal oxides + soluble/insoluble
Basic properties
Soluble: Potassium, Sodium, Lithium, Calcium, Barium
Insoluble: Magnesium, Copper II, Iron II, Iron III
Sulfur dioxide + Water
Sulfur trioxide + Water
Sulfurous acid
Sulfuric acid
Base + Ammonium salt
Ammonia Salt Water
Pollutants (Source + impacts)
Check noties
Contributors to acid rain
- Sulfur dioxide + water –> sulfurous acid (can be further oxidised to sulfuric acid)
- nitrogen oxides + oxygen + water –> nitric acid
- carbon dioxide + water –> carbonic acid
