ABO BLOOD TYPING

Question 1

Transfusion of as small as 0.1ml
ABO incompatible blood to a
recipient can cause

Answer 1

Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (IHTR)

Question 2

Most important of all the blood
group systems

Answer 2

ABO Blood Group System

Question 3

Rule stating that normal, healthy individuals possess ABO antibodies to the ABO blood group antigens absent from their red cells.

Answer 3

Landsteiner Law/Rule

Question 4

detection of antigen in the RBC using known antisera

Answer 4

Forward/Direct/Red Cell Grouping

Question 5

Composition of Anti-Serum A

Answer 5

Bromthymol/Trypan blue (Dolicos biflorus)

Question 6

Composition of Anti-Serum B

Answer 6

Acriflavine yellow (Bandeiraea (now Griffonia) simplicifolia)

Question 7

detection of antibodies in the patient’s serum using known red
cells

Answer 7

Backward/ Indirect/ Reverse/ Serum Grouping

Question 8

What does ABO Forward Blood typing uses?

Answer 8

whole blood/ prepared RCS

Question 9

ABO forward blood typing is performed at?

Answer 9

Room Temperature

Question 10

The clumping together of red
blood cells or any particulate matter resulting
from the interaction of antibody and its
corresponding antigen

Answer 10

Agglutination

Question 11

An antibody that agglutinates cell

Answer 11

Agglutinin

Question 12

An agglutinin found in the plasma of
group “B” individuals and which reacts
specifically with “A” agglutinogens

Answer 12

Anti-A

Question 13

An agglutinin found in the plasma of
group “A” individuals and which reacts
specifically with “B” agglutinogens

Answer 13

Anti-B

Question 14

A protein substance secreted by plasma calls that is developed in
response to, and interacting specifically with, an antigen. In Blood Banking, it is found in serum from either a commercial manufacturer’s or a patient.

Answer 14

Antibody

Question 15

A substance recognized by the body as being foreign which can cause an immune response. In Blood Banking, antigens are usually, but not exclusively found on the red blood cell membrane.

Answer 15

Antigen

Question 16

Any antibody other than anti-A, anti-B, or anti- A,B

Answer 16

Atypical antibodies

Question 17

A system of related blood group factors and agglutinogens;
e.g., the ABO system, the MNS system, the Rh-Hr system etc.

Answer 17

Blood Group System

Question 18

Classification of blood specimen intro groups (or types) on the basis of the blood factors or agglutinogens which they contained.

Answer 18

Blood Grouping

Question 19

The ability of sera to react with the specific antigen

Answer 19

Potency of antisera

Question 20

A substance that stimulates the production of an agglutinin, thereby acting as an antigen

Answer 20

Agglutinogen

Question 21

Testing patient’s serum with commercial or reagent A and B blood cells to determine which ABO are present

Answer 21

Reverse grouping

Question 22

Procedure for forward typing (tube method)

Answer 22

1. Prepare three clean test tubes and label as follows: anti-A,
   anti-B, and anti-A,B
2. Place two drops of the appropriate reagent (anti-A, Anti-B
   and O serum).
3. Add one drop of 2% to 5% suspension of red blood cells to
   be tested to each tube.
4. Mix the reagent and RBC suspension and centrifuge at 3400
   rpm for 15 seconds.
5. Gently resuspend the RBC button and then observe for
   agglutination or hemolysis macroscopically.
6. Observe suspected weakly reacting results by viewing the
   mixture under low power objective of the compound microscope.
7. Grade reactions and record the results.
8. Dispose all the biohazardous waste in the puncture –proof container

Question 23

Reverse grouping should be performed in ____ only.

Answer 23

test tube

Question 24

what is the objective of ABO Reverse Blood Grouping

Answer 24

To detect the presence of specific
antibodies using red cells of known specificity

Question 25

Is frequently used as a check on the
accuracy of the blood grouping performed on the
red cells

Answer 25

ABO Reverse Blood Grouping

Question 26

Objective of forward blood grouping (slide and tube method)

Answer 26

To determine the presence of
specific antigen on the red cells by using
antisera of known specificity using the slide/tube
testing method.

Question 27

In Forward Blood Grouping, which is more preferred?

Answer 27

tube method

Question 28

Procedure in Forward Typing (slide method)

Answer 28

1. Place 1 drop of anti-A and 1 drop of Anti-B reagent separately on a labeled slide.
2. Add 1 drop of 20% test red cell suspension or a drop of whole blood from a capillary puncture to each drop of the typing antiserum (the suspension may be prepared by adding 20 parts of red cells to 80 part of normal saline).
3. Mix the cells and reagent using a clean applicator stick. Spread each mixture evenly on the slide over an area of 10-15 mm diameter.
4. Tilt the slide for 2 minutes at room temperature (22°C – 24°C) and observe for agglutination. Do not read results after 2 minutes.
5. Read and Record the result.
6. Report as “+” for agglutination And “0” for no agglutination.
7. Dispose all biohazardous waste in a puncture-proof waste container.