ABO blood group (subgroups, discrepancies) Flashcards
A subgroups are described by __ in __
Von Dungern, 1911
t/f: a subgroups are more common than b subgroups
t
__% of all group A (or AB) individuals are A1
80%
A1 or A2: weaker subgroup
A2
1-8% of __ individuals produce __ in their serum
a2 individuals, anti-a1 serum
22-35% of __ individuals produce __ in their serum
a2b individuals, anti-a1 serum
A1 cell / A2 cell: has more antigenic sites for the H antigen
A2 cell
naturally occurring IgM cold-reacting antibody
a1 antibody
unlikely to cause transfusion reaction
a1 antibody
clinically significant if reactive at 37C
a1 antibody
t/f: h antigen may not be detectable in group a1 individuals
t
in the presence of __, almost all of the __ is converted to a1 antigen
a1 gene, h antigen
in the presence of __, only some of the __ is converted to a antigens
a2 gene, a antigen
seed extracts that agglutinate human cells with some degree of specificity
lectins
source of anti-H
ulex europaeus
source of anti-a
helix pomatia
source of anti-a1
dolichos biflorus
source of anti-b
bandeiraea simplicifolia
source of anti-m
iberis amara
source of anti-n
molucella laevis, bauhinia purpura
source of anti-t
arachis hypogaea
source of anti-tn
salvia sclaera
__ subgroups are infrequent
b subgroups
bombay phenotype was reported by __ in __(year)
bhende, 1952
t/f: fut 1 - se gene, fut 2 - h gene
f (baliktad)
rbcs either completely lack h antigens or have small amounts of h antigen present
parabombay phenotype
occur when unexpected reactions are obtained in the forward and/or reverse grouping
ABO discrepancies
abo discrepancies can be due to problems with patient’s __, __ or both
serum, rbcs
t/f: if discrepancies can’t be resolved, group o rh (-) may be administered
t
most common group of discrepancy
group 1
discrepancy commonly seen in newborns, elders, patients with AIDS . leukemia / lymphoma
group 1
least frequently encountered discrepancy
group 2
discrepancy between forward and reverse groupings resulting in rouleaux formation / pseudoagglutination
group 3
discrepancies that may be due to miscellaneous problems
group 4
