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[3Y2S] MT6327 BB > ABO blood group intro > Flashcards

ABO blood group intro Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered the ABO blood group system?

A

Karl Landsteiner

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2
Q

What is being detected in reverse grouping?

A

Antibody

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3
Q

What antigen serves as the precursor structure on which A and B antigens are made?

A

H antigen

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4
Q

What is/are the antigen/s present in a group B individual?

A

B antigen

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5
Q

What is/are the antibody/ies present in a group O individual?

A

Anti-A/Anti-B

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6
Q

What is the most important blood group system in transfusion and transplantation therapy?

A

ABO blood group system

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7
Q

ISBT terminology for Rh blood group

A

004

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8
Q

meaning of ISBT

A

International Society of Blood Transfusion

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9
Q

What was the original name of blood type O?

A

Blood type C

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10
Q

Why was blood type C changed to O?

A

To avoid confusion with the existence of a ‘C’ antigen

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11
Q

What is the ISBT terminology for the ABO blood group?

A

001

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12
Q

What are the two types of ABO testing?

A

Forward typing and reverse typing

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13
Q

most frequently performed test in blood bank

A

ABO testing

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14
Q

What is the universal donor for RBC transfusions?

A

Type O

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15
Q

What is the universal recipient for RBC transfusions?

A

Type AB

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16
Q

What is the universal donor for plasma transfusions?

A

Type AB

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17
Q

What is the universal recipient for plasma transfusions?

A

Type O

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18
Q

What is the unique characteristic of Anti-AB?

A

It cannot be separated

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19
Q

Which blood type is given in emergencies due to the absence of A, B, and D antigens?

A

Type O, Rh (-)

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20
Q

Who discovered blood type AB?

A

Adriano Sturli & Alfred von Decastello

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21
Q

What does forward typing determine?

A

unknown antigen using known antibody

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22
Q

What does reverse typing determine?

A

unknown antibody using known antigen

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23
Q

Why is reverse typing not performed on babies?

A

They lack antibodies at birth

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24
Q

Which blood type is associated with gastric carcinoma?

A

Type A and Type AB

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25
Which blood type is associated with ulcers?
Type O
26
Which blood type is linked to criminality?
Type B
27
When do ABO antibodies begin to appear in infants?
Between 3 to 6 months of age
28
When do ABO antibody levels peak?
Between 5 and 10 years of age
29
Why do elderly individuals have lower levels of ABO antibodies?
may be due to thymus atrophy
30
What type of immunoglobulin are most ABO antibodies?
Predominantly IgM
31
What immunoglobulin is unique to Anti-AB?
IgG
32
most common blood type
type O
33
used as control in reverse typing
O cell
34
What is the function of the H gene?
responsible for antigen presence on RBC surface
35
What is the function of the Se gene?
responsible of antigen presence in secretions
36
Most antibodies in cord blood serum are of __ __ (IgG)
maternal origin
37
What is a homozygous genotype?
An individual has two identical alleles for a trait
38
What is a heterozygous genotype?
An individual has two different alleles for a trait
39
Which blood group antigen develops first in fetal life?
H antigen
40
When are ABO antigens fully developed on RBCs?
By 2 to 4 years of age
41
What is the Bombay phenotype?
A rare condition where an individual lacks H antigen (hh genotype)
42
what year was the ABO inheritance first described
1924
43
Which sugar is responsible for H antigen specificity?
L-fucose
44
What sugar is added to the H antigen to form A antigen?
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
45
What sugar is added to the H antigen to form B antigen?
D-galactose
46
A gene that does not produce a detectable antigen
amorph gene
47
gene that is always expressed
dominant gene
48
can agglutinate human RBCs with specificity but are not AB
lectin
49
Which enzyme is responsible for adding L-fucose to the precursor chain?
L-fucosyltransferase
50
What is the function of the HLA typing in transplantation?
To ensure organ compatibility with the recipient's tissues
51
What type of linkage is found in Type 1 precursor chains?
Beta 1→3 linkage
52
What type of linkage is found in Type 2 precursor chains?
Beta 1→4 linkage
53
Which antigen is always present in secretors?
H antigen
54
How can the presence of ABH antigens in saliva be tested?
Agglutination inhibition test
55
What is the significance of the agglutination inhibition test?
It determines whether a person is a secretor or non-secretor
56
Which bodily fluids contain ABH soluble substances?
Saliva, tears, urine, digestive juices, bile, milk, amniotic fluid, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid
57
lectin is from __ __
griffonia simplicifolia
58
provides the probable phenotype from known genotypes
punnett square
59
who discovered the punnett square
dr. reginald punnett
60
immunodominant sugar of type A
N-acetyl-D-Galactosamine
61
immunodominant sugar of type B
D-galactose
62
immunodominant sugar of type AB
N-acetyl-D-Galactosamine & D-Galactose
63
phenotypic expression may vary with (3)
race genetic interaction disease states
64
enzyme that destroys N-acetyl branch in acquired B phenomenon
D-acetylase
65
Sugars occupying the terminal positions of the precursor chain
immunodominant sugars
66
Must be formed for the other sugars to be attached in response to an inherited A and/or B gene
L-fucose
67
lacks normal expression of ABH antigens
bombay phenotype
68
t/f: B enzyme seems to compete more efficiently for the H substance than the A enzyme
t
69
a antigens on an AB cell: __ sites
600,000 sites
70
b antigens on an AB cell: __ sites
720,000 sites
71
tissue blood group
ABO blood group
72
transplantation will occur only if HLA + ABO compatible. if there is a mismatch, __ __ will occur
rejection reaction
73
Codes for the production of α-2-L-fucosyltransferase
Se gene
74
t/f: all nonsecretors are bombay
f
75
positive result in agglutination inhibition
without agglutination
76
RBC antigens can be __, __, or __
glycolipids, glycoproteins, glycosohingolipids
77
Secreted substances are __
glycoproteins
78
RBC antigens are synthesized only on __ precursor chains
type 2
79
Secreted substances are primarily synthesized on __ precursor chains.
type 1
80
Types 1 and 3 chains: associated with __
body secretions
81
Types 2 and 4 chains: associated with __
RBC membrane
82
test done to determine genotype
DNA testing
83
test done to determine phenotype
serological test
84
recessive or dominant: o gene
recessive
85
Basic precursor material from which A, B, and H antigens originate
paragloboside / glycan
86
returns lost N-acetyl to D-galactose in acquired B phenomenon
acetic anhydride

[3Y2S] MT6327 BB (2 decks)

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