Abnormalities Due to Environmental Effects: Dietary and/or Toxic Disorders Flashcards
causes ocular and facial
malformations in pigs: anophthalmia or
microphthalmia
Vitamin A deficiency
causes abortion, resorption, stillbirth, or fetal malformations, with profound ocular changes and even blindness frequent in vitamin A-deficient calves.
hypovitaminosis A
due to lack of carotene in the diet of cattle
Primary vitamin A deficiency
combination of chronic hepatic and intestinal disease
Secondary vitamin A deficiency
harmful to the fetus, with skeletal abnormalities
Vitamin D deficiency
adversely altered osteogenesis of the long bones and ossification of the digits
hypervitaminosis D
detrimental effect on the maintenance of pregnancy, development, survival, and growth of rodent offspring –> complete embryonic resorption
Vitamin E deficiency
caused cerebral haemorrhage in about one-third of the young, and abortions in pregnant rabbit
Vitamin K deficiency
may manifest as congenital enzootic ataxia, or ‘swayback’
Copper deficiency
exposure to pyrrolozidine alkaloid containing
plants (particularly Heliotropium europaeum, Echium plantagineum, Senecio spp., Amsinckia spp., Crotalaria spp., and Cynoglossus spp.) leads to this
Copper toxicity
manifest as congenital muscular dystrophy (white muscle disease/WMD)
Selenium deficiency
used as an antioxidant actions in conjunction
with vitamin E to prevent and repair cell damage
Selenium
Signs include: respiratory distress, blindness, staggering, head pressing, anorexia, salivation,
abdominal pain, watery diarrhoea, convulsions, paralysis, and death
Selenium toxicity
this antagonizes copper in vivo (i.e., reduce the absorption and utilization of Cu)
Molybdenum (Mo)
can lead to congenital goiter (hypothyroidism);
Ingestion of goitrogens in Brassica spp. (cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage)
Iodine Deficiency
