Abnormalities

Question 1

What are the signs of chronic liver disease?

Answer 1

Leuconychia, Palmar erythema, Dupuytren’s contracture, palmar erythema, bruising, foectar hepaticus, spider naevi, gynaecomastia, distended abdominal veins (portal HTN)

Question 2

What are the GI causes of clubbing?

Answer 2

IBD, cirrhosis

Question 3

What is the cause of leuconychia?

Answer 3

Hypoalbuminaemia which causes whitening of the nail beds. This occurs in malnutrition, CLD, nephrotic syndrome.

Question 4

What is the cause of koilonychia?

Answer 4

Iron deficiency anaemia

Question 5

What causes Xanthomata?

Answer 5

Hyperlipidaemia through primary biliary cirrhosis

Question 6

What causes flapping tremor?

Answer 6

Encephalopathy due to liver failure

Question 7

What are scratch marks due to?

Answer 7

Raised Urea

Question 8

What causes corneal arcus and xanthelasma?

Answer 8

Hyperlipidaemia

Question 9

What can cause angular Stomatitis & glossitis?

Answer 9

Iron, folate, B12 deficiencies

Question 10

What causes ulcer formation?

Answer 10

Coeliac disease, IBD, Iron deficiency

Question 11

What is the cause of Virchow’s node?

Answer 11

Malignancy

Question 12

What causes rebound tenderness?

Answer 12

Peritonitis

Question 13

What causes enlarged liver?

Answer 13

Infective, neoplastic, cirrhotic, metabolic, toxins