Abnormal Psychology Test I Flashcards
Define abnormal psychology
Maladaptive Dangerous Unusual Personally Distressing Designated abnormal by the culture
Maladaptive
Something that interferes with your everyday life
Dangerous
Behavior harmful to one’s self or others
Unusual
Statistically rare, someone who is out of touch with reality. Delusional
Designated abnormal by the culture
unaccepted behavior deemed by society, classification system, always changing, culture made of millions of cultures
Personally Distressing
Personality disorders, distressing to those around them. Idiosyncratic= everyone visualizes things differently
Pros of Diagnosing
Provides common language among professions
If we know the diagnosis, we can treat them
It is helpful to have a name to a feeling
Insurance reimbursement requires diagnosis
Cons of Diagnosing
Can cause a stigma or prejudgment for people
Can be used as an excuse for bad behavior
Generalization can cause simplifying information
Self fulfilling prophecy
May be scary to some
Can follow you through life and not take account
May be applied politically and other ways to discredit
The Genetic Model
Genes carry DNA
Polycistronic
Neuroscience Model
Mental disorders are often linked to something going wrong with the brain due to specific brain chemicals or other interactions. Faulty brain receptors
Psychodynamic Model
Results of neuroscience conflicts- Mental Disorders
Defense Mechanisms - coping mechanisms processes co go through to reduce anxiety
Defense Mechanisms
Repression Regression Displacement Denial Reaction Formation Rationalization Projection Sublimation
Repression
Motivated forgetting. Preventing painful thoughts or memories from entering one’s mind
Regression
Returning to early behavior ways while under stress
Displacement
When ideas or impulses are transferred from a threatening or unacceptable object to a more acceptable one
Denial
Refusal to believe this reality
Reaction Formation
When someone takes on exaggerated position opposed to their true feelings
Rationalization
Self deception. Finding justification for ideas.
Projection
Attributing unacceptable impulses towards others
Sublimation
When unacceptable impulses are channeled into something positive
Treatment Methods for Psychodynamic Model
Free Association Interpretation Resistance Transference Counter transference
Free Association
Uncensored veralization
Interpretation
An explanation of verbalization
Resistance
Unwillingness to talk about certain thoughts, motives, or memories
Tranference
Acting towards the therapists as if they were an important person in therapy in a client’s life
Counter Transference
When the therapist acts against the client
Dream Analysis
Interpretation to undercover unconscious
Parts of Dream Analysis
Manifest
Latent
Manifest
Remembered objects of dreams
Latent
Hidden meaning of thoughts, desires, drives
Catharsis
Relieving of emotion or emotion tension
Timing
2nd Divine. When Will I DIE?
Learning Perspective
Classical and Operant Conditioning
Modeling
Classical Conditioning
Learning by association
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement of theories
Modeling
Initiative/Observation
Behavior Therapy
Systematic application of learning in order to make positive change
The outcome should be covert
Types of Behavior Therapy
Systematic Diesen In Vivo/ Gradual Exposure Flooding Aversion Therapy Token Economics Modeling
Systematic Diesen
Reciprocal inhibition
- remove old responses and put in new responses.
Two competing responses cannot exist simultaneously
-set up a hierarchy .least anxiety to producing to most anxiety producing
Flooding
Put the person full into the fear
Aversion Therapy
Eliminate behavior by association of some negative association
Token Economics
Controlled Environment
Learning through reinforcement to increased positive behaviot
Modeling
Learning of skills by intimidating a person who prefers that behavior
Humanistic Perspective
3rd Force
- Believe un-normal behavior is the result of negative self concept and no in the conscious
- Self actualization
- Carl Rogers
- believes to develop a positive self concept if given a positive regard by parents
- Condition of worth = behave in way that to get approval of parents
Treatment of Humanistic Perspective
Client Centered Therapy
Client Centered Therapy
Encourage the client’s own insight into their problems.
Improve client’s self system and self acceptance. Needs to be done in a warm, supportive environment
Major Concepts
- Focuses on client’s view of the world
- empathy and focusing one someone’s view of the world - Non Directive
- reflection and reinstatement
- reflecting back the client’s feeling and restating them to offer a new perspective - Timing
- very important - Therapists should manifest what the client should
- Genuine, Unconditional Positive Regard, Congruence - Congruence
- a fit between you and your behavior that you can exemplify to your clients
Cognitive Perspective
Faulting Thinking ABC Theory Irrational Belief System Cognitive Therapy Very Directive Assign Homework Assignments
ABC Theory
A= Event B= Thoughts about the event C= consequences
Irrational Belief System
Mustabatory Thinking
Cognitive Therapy
Replaces self defeating thoughts with more rational ones. Thought modification to affect behavior
RET
Rationally Emotive Therapy
Gestalt Perspective
The whole
- Reintergrates specific/ conflicting parts of a personality with unfinished business. Unfinished conflicts from the past that ate interfering with the present.
- empty chair techniques, dialogue, role playing
- directive
- No why questions
- Here and now, present feelings
- Why questions avoid things of the past that are used for explaining behavior
Empty Chair Technique
Placing issue in chair and having a talk with it
Dialogue
confrontation with certain parts of the body. Bringing things closer together
Elective Perspective
Incorporation of principles/ techniques from various perspectives or theories
Socioculture Perspective
Abnormal behavior must take into consideration socio and and culture factors
Siocal
Poverty itself is the cause of abnormal behavior
Downward Drift
Turing around, Behavioral problems or mental disorders make it difficult to function which leads to poverty
Biopsycholsocial
Ab. behavior due to bio, socio, psychological interactions and their factors. Diathesis Stress Model
Diathesis Stress Model
Focuses on interaction - predisposition
Predisposition
response to stress
_______________ = mental disorder or not
diathesis + stress
Need ________ to say mental disorder
both diathesis and stress
