Abnormal Psychology DSM 5 Flashcards
- comprehensive classification
system used by mental health
professionals to diagnose mental
disorders - It provides standardized criteria for diagnosing a wide range of
psychological conditions
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR)
Methods of Assessment
- Self-report questionnaires
- Behavioral observations
- Clinical interviews
- Psychological tests
- History, symptoms, and
behavior. - The patient’s personal and
medical history - Current psychological
symptoms - The impact of the symptoms on
daily functioning
clinical interview
- is a structured assessment of a patient’s cognitive, emotional, and psychological functioning.
- evaluate whether a person shows signs of mental health conditions such as psychosis, cognitive impairment, or mood disorders
mental status examination (MSE)
MSE includes observations about
- Appearance and behavior
- Mood and affect
- Thought processes and content
- Orientation (time, place, person)
- Memory and attention
standardized instruments used to
assess various aspects of mental
functioning, including
psychological test
set of symptoms and
behaviors required for a
mental health diagnosis
diagnostics criteria
indicates how common a mental disorder is within a specific
population during a certain time period
prevalence
common behaviors, emotions, or
physical symptoms that may
accompany a mental disorder but
are not required for diagnosis
Associated Features
4 key components for understanding mental disorders
- diagnostic criteria
- prevalence
- associated features
- Gender and Cultural Factors
can influence the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders
Gender and Cultural Factors
neurodevelopmental disorders
- intellectual disability
- communication disorder
- autism spectrum disorder
- attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
-specific learning disorder - motor disorders (includes tic disorders)
Intellectual Disorders
- Intellectual Developmental Disorder
- Global Developmental Delay
- Unspecified Intellectual Disability
Communication Disorders
- Language Disorder
- Speech Sound Disorder
- Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
(Stuttering) - Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
- Unspecified Communication Disorder
- Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
- Specific Learning Disorders
Motor Disorders
⚬ Developmental Coordination Disorder
⚬ Stereotypic Movement Disorder
⚬ Tic Disorders
Tic Disorders
￭ Tourette’s Disorder
￭ Persistent (Chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
￭ Provisional Tic Disorder
￭ Other Specified Tic Disorder
￭ Unspecified Tic Disorder
deficits in general mental abilities, such as reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience.
Intellectual disability (intellectual developmental
disorder) [formerly “mental retardation”]
fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning
Global Developmental Delay
diagnosis given when an individual is over the age of 5 and standardized testing is unable to be
completed due to physical, motor, behavioral, or mental health factors but there is a suspicion of ID.
Unspecified Intellectual Disability
include language disorder, speech sound disorder, social (pragmatic) communication disorder,
and childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering).
communication disorders
characterized by disturbances of the normal fluency and motor
production of speech, including repetitive sounds or syllables, prolongation of consonants or vowel sounds, broken words, blocking, or words produced
with an excess of physical tension.
Childhood-onset fluency disorder
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including deficits in social reciprocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for
social interaction, and skills in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
Autism Spectrum Disorder
impairing levels of inattention, disorganization,
and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
inability to stay on task, seeming not to listen, and losing materials,
at levels that are inconsistent with age or developmental level.
Inattention and disorganization
overactivity, fidgeting, inability to stay seated, intruding into other people’s activities, and inability to wait—symptoms that are excessive for age or developmental level
Hyperactivity-impulsivity
- specific deficits in an individual’s ability to perceive or process information efficiently and accurately.
- first manifests during the years of formal schooling
- characterized by persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic
skills in reading, writing, and/or math.
Specific Learning Disorder
The neurodevelopmental motor disorders include developmental coordination disorder, stereotypic movement disorder, and tic
disorders.
motor disorder
deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated
motor skills and is manifested by clumsiness and slowness or inaccuracy of performance of motor skills that cause interference with activities of
daily living.
Developmental coordination disorder
has repetitive, seemingly driven, and purposeless motor behaviors, such as hand flapping, body
rocking, head banging, self-biting, or hitting
Stereotypic movement disorder
are characterized by the
presence of motor or vocal tics, which are sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations
Tic disorders
commonly used to improve social, communication, and learning skills through structured interventions
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
Helps improve communication skills and social interaction
Speech and Language Therapy
Focuses on improving daily living skills and sensory integration
Occupational Therapy
Teaches appropriate social interactions and understanding social cues.
Social Skills Training
May be used to manage symptoms like anxiety, depression, or attention issues (e.g., SSRIs, atypical antipsychotics)
Medications
