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Psychology Licensure Exam > Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

Learn all about abnormal behavior, psychological jargons, disorders, and clinical terminologies related to Abnormal Psychology.

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1
Q

This is a psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not culturally typical. What is it?

A

A psychological disorder or abnormal behavior

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2
Q

A psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation.

A

Phobia

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3
Q

What is the type of breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning?

A

Psychological Dysfunction

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4
Q

What is it called when an individual is extremely upset regarding a situation, object, or person?

A

Personal Distress

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5
Q

What is it called when an individual isn’t able to function properly in important areas of life?

A

Psychological Impairment or Disability

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6
Q

When an individual strays away from the normal range of a culture, what is it called?

A

Deviance or Culturally Atypical

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7
Q

It is a typical profile used to identify or classify if an individual has a disorder.

A

Prototype

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8
Q

What is the scientific study of psychological disorders- its nature, symptomatology, development?

A

Psychopathology

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9
Q

A study that investigates the nature and causes of psychological disorders, often from a biological point of view, making diagnoses, and treatments through psychopharmaceuticals or therapy.

A

Psychiatry

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10
Q

Who are the mental health professionals who take a scientific approach to their clinical work?

A

Scientist-Practitioners

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11
Q

What are the three functions of scientist-practitioners?

A
  1. Keep up with latest scientific development
  2. Evaluate own treatment procedures of it works
  3. Conduct research to produce new information
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12
Q

This is the term of clinicians when a patient reveals or shows a specific problem or set of problems.

A

Presenting Problem

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13
Q

After the patient’s presenting problem, this following term is called when the clinician determines the patients problem through observed or tested unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder. What is it called?

A

Clinical Description

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14
Q

“How many people in the population as a whole have the disorder?” The answer to this question is identified as the ___ of the disorder.

A

Prevalence

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15
Q

___ of the disorder is identified through statistics on how many cases of it occur during a given period.

A

Incidence

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16
Q

What is the type of statistics used to identify what percentage of males and females have the said disorder?

A

Sex Ratio

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17
Q

This pertains to the starting age of symptoms showing.

A

Age onset

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18
Q

What are the three types of courses or individual patterns used by clinicians to identify the disorders’ time element?

A
  1. Chronic course
  2. Episodic course
  3. Time-limited course
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19
Q

It is a disorder’s individual pattern where it’s characterized by it to last a long time, sometimes a lifetime.

A

Chronic course

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20
Q

What type of course within a disorder characterizes on an individual’s possible recovery within a few months but may suffer recurrence at a later time?

A

Episodic course

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21
Q

What course is mentioned if a disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period?

A

Time-limited Course

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22
Q

If there is a course in disorders, there are also onsets. What are the two onsets called?

A
  1. Acute onset

2. Insidious onset

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23
Q

What type of onset when symptoms of a disorder begin suddenly?

A

Acute onset

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24
Q

When symptoms develop gradually over an extended period, what onset is this?

A

Insidious onset

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25
Q

If it is mentioned as ‘good’ that means that an individual will probably recover as what the clinician expexted because it is the anticipated course of the disorder. What is this process?

A

Prognosis

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26
Q

What is the study of changes in behavior over time?

A

Developmental psychology

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27
Q

What is the study of changes in abnormal behavior called?

A

Developmental Psychopathology

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28
Q

It is the study of origins or what causes a disorder through using different dimensions like biology, psychology, and socio-culturally.

A

Etiology

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29
Q

What are the three models of abnormal behavior?

A
  1. Supernatural model
  2. Biological model
  3. Psychological model
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30
Q

What is the model that conceptualizes that divinities, demons, spirits, or phenomena such as magnetic fields or the moon influences our behavior?

A

Supernatural model

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31
Q

Maria should recover quickly with no intervention necessary. Without treatment, John will deteriorate rapidly. What is the clinical description elaborated here?

A

Prognosis

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32
Q

Three cases of bulimia have been reported in this county during the past month. What is the clinical description elaborated here?

A

Incidence

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33
Q

Elizabeth visited the campus mental health center because of her increasin feelings of guilt and anxiety. What is the clinial description used here?

A

Presenting Problem

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34
Q

20mil people over the whole since the beginning of time were recorded to have obsessive-compulsive disorder. What is the clinical description used here?

A

Prevalence

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35
Q

This is a treatment in which various religious rituals were performed in an effort to rid victims of evil spirits through flogging, confining in coffins, isolation, etc. What is this treatment?

A

Exorcism

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36
Q

He is one of the chief advisers of the king of France who suggested that the disease of melancholy(depression) was the source of some bizarre behavior rather than demons. Who is s/he?

A

Nicholas Oresme

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37
Q

A form of treatment where patients were shocked back to their senses by applications of ice-cold water.

A

Hydrotherapy

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38
Q

A bizarre behavior in europe where groups were simultaneously compelled to run, dance, shout, rave, and jump around in patterns.

A

Saint Vitus’s Dance, tarantism, or mass hysteria

39
Q

What phenomenon occurs when the experience of an emotion seems to spread to those around us?

A

Mass hsyteria or emotion contagion

40
Q

He is the swiss physician who conceptualized how movements of the moon and stars affect an individual’s psychological functioning.

A

Paracelsus

41
Q

A body of work called ___ was written where it suggests that psychological disorders could be treated like any other disease.

A

Hoppocratic Corpus

42
Q

Who is the father of modern western medicine?

A

Hippocrates

43
Q

What is the doctrine that an evil being or spirit can dwell within a person and control his or her mind?

A

Demonology

44
Q

Cutting of holes of the skull so that the evil spirits can exit the individual.

A

Trephination

45
Q

Who conceptualized the four humors and three categories of mentality?

A

Hippocrates

46
Q

What are the three categories?

A
  1. Mania
  2. Melancholia
  3. Phrenitis
47
Q

What are the four humors?

A
  1. Blood
  2. Black bile
  3. Yellow bile
  4. Phlegm
48
Q

A known establishment for the confinement and care of mentally ill people.

A

Asylum

49
Q

One of the first mental institution that eventually became London’s great tourist attraction.

A

Priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem

50
Q

He was one in the earlier times who suggested thay treatment for the mentally ill requires drawing out copious amounts of blood.

A

Benjamin Rush

51
Q

He suggested people to treat the patients as sick humans rather than beasts. His concept eventually stemmed as he pioneered the humanitarian treatment at LaBicetre.

A

Philippe Pinel

52
Q

A kind of treatment privately funded and seeks patient’s alleviation by encouraging them to engage in purposeful calming activities.

A

Moral treatment

53
Q

She was the crusader for prisoners and mentally ill who urged improvement of institutions and that hospitals should be staffed with physicians which is termed as the ‘mental hygiene movement’.

A

Dorothea Dix

54
Q

This is the degenerative disorder that has psychological symptoms thus making the healers believe that if this sickness has a biological cause, other mental illness might also.

A

General paresis

55
Q

Who was the one who proposed that mental illness can be inherited?

A

Francis Galton

56
Q

It is the promotion of enforced sterilization to eliminate undesirable charscteristics from the populafion. Many state laws require the mentally ill to be sterilized. What is it?

A

Eugenics

57
Q

He was the proponent of insulin-coma therapy

A

Manfred Sakel (1927)

58
Q

It is the process of inducing epileptic seizures using electric shock.

A

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

59
Q

Who were the proponent/s of ECT?

A

Cerletti and Bini

60
Q

This a procedure done to the mentally ill that often led to listlessness, apathy, and lack of some cognitive abilities.

A

Prefrontal lobotomy

61
Q

He was the proponent of prefrontal lobotomy?

A

Egas Moniz

62
Q

He was the first to call mental illness as a syndrome having cluster of symptoms that co-occur. He also proposed two major syndromes and published the 1st psychiatry text on 1883.

A

Emil Kraepelin

63
Q

What are the two major syndromes coined by Emil Kraepelin?

A
  1. Dementia praecox

2. Manic-depressive psychosis

64
Q

He proposed treating patients with hysteria using ‘animal magnetism’ and is an early practitioner of hypnosis.

A

Franz Mesmer

65
Q

He was the who used hypnosis to facilitate catharsis.

A

Josef Breuer

66
Q

The procees of releasing emotional tension triggered by reliving and talking about events.

A

Catharsis

67
Q

It is a theory that claims how human behavior is determined by unconscious forces and how psychopathology results from conflicts among these unconscious forces.

A

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory

68
Q

What are the structures of the mind mentioned by freud?

A
  1. Id
  2. Ego
  3. Superego
69
Q

What are the Levels of the Mind by Freud?

A
  1. Unconscious
  2. Preconscious
  3. Conscious
70
Q

What is the structure of the mind that is driven by libido and desires immediate gratification? It is also called the pleasure principle.

A

Id

71
Q

It is a structure of the mind influenced by incorporating parental and society values and is sometimes called the conscience.

A

Superego

72
Q

What’s the structure of the mind that attempts to satisfy the pleasure principle but within the constraints of reality?

A

Ego

73
Q

What are the five stages of Freud’s Psychosexual Development Theory? Rank from earliest stage to adulthood stage

A
  1. Oral (0-18 mos)
  2. Anal (18- 3 yo)
  3. Phallic (3-5/6 yo)
  4. Latency 6-12 yo)
  5. Genital (adulthood)
74
Q

This psychosexual stage’s primary organ needed to be satisfied is the mouth.

A

Oral

75
Q

The psychosexual stage where pleasure is derived from the sexual organs.

A

Phallic Stage

76
Q

What are the psychological maneuvers used to manage stress and anxiety?

A

Defense Mechanisms

77
Q

Patient tries to say whatever comes to mind without censoring anything.

A

Free association

78
Q

When the patient responds to the analyst in ways he has previously responded to other important figures in his or her life, what is this process called?

A

Transference

79
Q

He is the founder of analytical psychology and emphasized greatly about freudian and humanistic psychology and the collective unconscious.

A

Carl Gustav Jung

80
Q

He is the founder of Individual Psychology and emphasized that there will be fulfillment in a person’s life from working for the social good.

A

Alfred Adler

81
Q

The founder of Behaviorism who claimed that learning or classical conditioning is a more in depth study to identify behavior.

A

John Watson

82
Q

He is the one who experimented with dogs and is the founder of operant conditioning. He claimed that learning through association is effective and may affect someone’s behavior.

A

Ivan Pavlov

83
Q

The fours elements of learning from ivan pavlov’s concept are?

A
  1. Unconditioned Stimulus
  2. Conditioned Stimulus
  3. Unconditioned Response
  4. Conditioned Response
84
Q

They are the ones who classically conditioned Little Albert’s fear of white furry objects.

A

Watson and Raynor

85
Q

He proposed the law of effect and that learning through consequences is effective.

A

Edward Thorndike

86
Q

He proposed the principle of reinforcement.

A

B.F. Skinner

87
Q

What are the two types of reinforcement?

A

Positive and Negative

88
Q

It is a principle of reinforcement that focuses on how behaviors that terminate a negative stimulus are strengthened.

A

Negative reinforcement

89
Q

Behaviors followed by pleasant stimuli are strengthened.

A

Positive reinforcement

90
Q

Modeling Theory is introduced by?

A

Albert Bandura

91
Q

Experimented and concluded that modeling reduced kids’ fear of dogs.

A

Bandura and Menlove

92
Q

Two types of strongly used behavior therapy

A
  1. Systematic Desensitization

2. Aversive Conditioning

93
Q

It is the type of therapy where people construe themselves as who they think they are and that the world is a major determinant of psychological disorder.

A

Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Psychology Licensure Exam (3 decks)

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