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PSYC1002 > Abnormal Psychology > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps in the method of studying psychology?

A

Description
Causation
Treatment

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2
Q

What are the 3ds to describe ‘abnormal’?

A

Deviant - fetishism
Distressing - depression
Dysfunctional - ADHD

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3
Q

What is the DSM?

A

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.

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4
Q

What are the models of ‘mental illness’?

A

Supernatural eg spirits and exorcism
Biological eg internal physical problems and bleeding:exercise
Psychological eg beliefs,
Sociocultural eg poverty and fix social norms.

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5
Q

When did the biological model start to become the norm?

A

Europe 19-20th century - some mental illnesses found to have physical causes - psychiatry legitimate field of medicine

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6
Q

What are the limitations of the biological/medical model?

A
  • need to avoid extreme reductionism
  • need to avoid over- extrapolation from animal research
  • need to avoid assuming causation fromtreament
  • may not be applicable to conceptualising and diagnosing mental illness
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7
Q

What are the three parts of the psychoanalytic model?

A

Id
- born, instinct drives

Ego

  • begins to develop at age 2
  • conscious self - thinking, language

Superego

  • develops at about age 5-6
  • moral self

UNRESOLVED

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8
Q

How does the ego avoid pain and unsolved conflict?

A

Develops defence mechanisms

Repress Id impulses into acceptable forms.

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9
Q

What are the effects of the psychoanalytic model?

A

Resolutionalised the concept of mental illness

Popularised the concept of neurosis

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10
Q

What are the critiques of the psychoanalytic model?

A

Made no clear divide between normal and abnormal conditions
Limited empirical evidence
Lack of falsibility

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11
Q

What does the humanistic model think maladjustment results from? And what are the treatments?

A

Environmental impases conditions of worth
Own experience, emotions needs are blocked
Self-actualised thwarted

Empathy unconditional positive regard

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12
Q

What types of conditioning does the behavioural model suggest?

A

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

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13
Q

What are the maladjustment results and the critiques of behavioural model?

A

Results from learning history

Critiques - cognition important

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14
Q

What is the current dominant model in psych and what is it?

A

Cognitive-behavioural model

What we think influences what we feel and do

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15
Q

What does maladaptive behaviour result from in the cognitive-behavioural model?

A

Interpretation of experiences - consistent with core negative beliefs
Cognitive bias eg overgeneralisation mistaking feelings for facts
Negative automatic thoughts.

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16
Q

What are the treatments for all models?

A

Psychoanalytic- insight
Behavioural - new learning
Humanistic - empathy, unconditioned positive regard
Cognitive - cognitive restructuring

17
Q

Why classify and why diagnose?

A

Improve communication between researchers
Improve comm between health professionals
Improve comm and understanding within community
May reduce social stigma

18
Q

What is the ICD?

A

International statistical classification of diseases and r later health problems - published by WHO

19
Q

What are some changes to the DSM?

A

Homosexuality removed 1973
Binge eating included 2013
Aspergers deleted 2013

20
Q

What are the symptoms of major depressive disorder?

A 
Depressed mood most of the day nearly every day
Diminished pleasure in activities 
Significant weight loss or gain
Insomnia or hypersomnia 
Fatigue/loss of energy
Diminished ability to concentrate 
Recurrent thoughts of death
21
Q

What is anxiety and what are the three interrelated anxiety systems?

A

Activated in respond to perceived threat

Physical - flight/flight, mobilise resources to deal with threat, symptoms - sweating, trembling
Cognitive - perception of threat, attentional shift, hypervigilance
Behavioural - escape/avoidance, aggression

22
Q

What are anxiety disorders characterised by?

A

Overestimation of threat

23
Q

What are the DSM-5 2013 anxiety disorders? And what were left out from DSM-IV?

A 
Separation anxiety disorder
Selective mutism
Specific phobia
Generalised anxiety disorder
Panic disorder
Agoraphobia 
Things not included
Social phobia
Post traumatic stress disorder
Acute stress disorder
OCD
24
Q

What are the possible causes of specific phobias?

A

Classical conditioning

However may not need a complete account - conditioning not sufficient to cause phobia, or actually not necessary

25
Q

What stimuli are more likely to become phobias?

A

Significant threat to survival during evolution
Genetic preparedness
Innate/unconditioned fears.

26
Q

What is OCD associated with?

A

Intolerance of uncertainty
Inflated responsibility
Thought-action fusion
Medical ideation

27
Q

What can PTSD arise from?

A

Experiencing the event
Witnessing the event
Having event happen to a family member
Experiencing repeated exposure to details of traumatic event eg police

28
Q

What else must happen to diagnose PTSD?

A

Intrusion symptoms
Persistent avoidance
Negative changes in cognition
Changes in arousal eg ang r, sleep disturbance

29
Q

What is the difference between unipolar and bipolar?

A

Uni - depressive mood/episodes only

Bi - depressive mood/episodes and manic

30
Q

What are some examples of manic episodes?

A

Abnormally evalated mood - inflated self esteem, decreased need for sleep, increased talkativeness, distract ability, excessive pleasure seeking.

31
Q

What are the biological theories for depression?

A

Genetic vulnerability
Neurochemistry eg low levels of serotonin
Neuroendocrine system - excess response to stress

32
Q

What is schema theory?

A

Pre-existing negative schematic
Activated by stress
Result in information processing biases
Negative thoughts become dominant in consciousness

33
Q

What are biological treatments?

A

Drug treatments

Electro convulsive therapy

PSYC1002 (3 decks)

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