Abnormal Psych Test 3 Flashcards
Depressive disorders
a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest
What is the gender different in depressive disorder?
Women 2x as likely as men
Dysphoria
a state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction with life.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
a mental disorder characterized by a persistently depressed mood and long-term loss of pleasure or interest in life for AT LEAST 2 WEEKS
Seasonal affective disorder
A mood disorder characterized by depression that occurs at the same time every year
Peripartum onset
MDD symptoms that begin during pregnancy or within four weeks of delivery
- 30% of Women experience this
- 1 in 10 women experience it to the extent of an MDD
Persistent depressive disorder
a low mood occurring for at least two years, along with at least 2 other symptoms of depression
- Symptoms include sadness, loss of sleep, excessive hunger/fatigue
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
includes physical and behavioral symptoms that usually resolve with the onset of menstruation.
Disruptive mood disorder
a childhood condition of extreme irritability, anger, and frequent, intense temper outbursts
Bipolar disorder
a mental condition marked by alternating periods of elation and depression
Mania
mental illness marked by periods of great excitement or euphoria, delusions, and overactivity.
Bipolar I disorder
manic episodes that last at least 7 days (most of the day, nearly every day) or by manic symptoms that are so severe that the person needs immediate hospital care
Bipolar II disorder
It involves at least one depressive episode lasting at least two weeks and at least one hypomanic episode lasting at least four days.
Hypomania
periods of over-active and excited behavior that can have a significant impact on your day-to-day life
Cyclothymic disorder
A mood disorder that causes emotional highs and lows. At least 2-year periods
Rapid cycling bipolar disorder
a pattern of frequent, distinct episodes in bipolar disorder experiences four or more episodes of mania or depression in one year
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
an interactive neuroendocrine unit comprising of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal glands
Neuroinflammation
an inflammatory response within the brain or spinal cord
Learned helplessness
a state that occurs after a person has experienced a stressful situation repeatedly
Reformulated learned helplessness theory
individuals have habitual ways of explaining the stressors that occur in their lives
Rumination
a deep or considered thought about something.
Rejection sensitivity
when you experience severe emotional pain because of a failure or feeling rejected
Cohort effect
variations over time, in one or more characteristics, among groups of individuals defined by some shared experience such as year or decade of birth, or years of a specific exposure.
- Ex. Gen Z, People who became parents the same year
- These groups may have increased chances of some mental illness
Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy
encourage individuals with dysregulated mood to develop and maintain moderately active and consistent daily routines
- Ex. Sleep routines
Family-Focused therapy
a psychoeducational treatment for patients with bipolar disorder focused on alleviation of mood symptoms, relapse prevention and enhanced psychosocial functioning
Suicide Cluster
2+ suicide attempts (successful or unsuccessful) occur together in space and/or time
Impulsivity
A problem with emotional or behavioral self-control.
Psychosis
a severe mental disorder in which thought, and emotions are so impaired that contact is lost with external reality
Schizophrenia spectrum
experience a range of often debilitating symptoms that may include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, speech, and/or disorganized or unusual behavior.
Positive symptoms
any change in behavior or thoughts that ADDs something, such as hallucinations or delusions
Negative symptoms
here people appear to withdraw from the world around then, take no interest in everyday social interactions, and often appear emotionless and flat. TAKE AWAY something
Delusions of thought insertion
a delusion in which the individual believes that thoughts have been irresistibly forced into his or her mind and ascribes these thoughts to outside sources
- Someone is making me think that
Formal thought disorder
an impaired capacity to sustain coherent discourse, and occurs in the patient’s written or spoken language
- Trouble speaking; ex. stuttering, disorganized thoughts
Restricted affect
lack of emotions
Avolition
lack of motivation
Prodromal symptoms
Low mood or mood swings, Increased anxiety., Sleep disturbances, unusual fatigue, Difficulties concentrating or focusing, Feeling suspicious (before acute phase)
Residual symptoms
Low mood or mood swings, Increased anxiety., Sleep disturbances, unusual fatigue, Difficulties concentrating or focusing, (after acute phase)
Phenothiazines
dopamine increasing drugs
Mesolimbic pathway
a dopaminergic pathway in the brain
Social drift
the downward mobility of an individual, in terms of the social scale, due to chronic illness; creating isolation
Tardive dyskinesia
a movement disorder that causes a range of repetitive muscle movements in the face, neck, arms and legs
Atypical antipsychotics
are a group of antipsychotic drugs largely introduced after the 1970s
Persistent depressive disorder
Similar symptoms of MDD but milder
o Symptoms for over 2 years; no symptom- free period over months
o Longer lasting but less disabling
“Chronic blueness”
Double Depression
MDD + persistent DD
o Therapy term, not DSM diagnosis
MDD w/ Seasonal Pattern
o AKA Seasonal depression
o More common in northern latitudes due to shorter days in winter
o Less than 5% prevalence
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
o MDD with considerable physical symptoms pre-menses (e.g., breast tenderness, joint pain, irritability)
o Less than 2% prevalence
Bipolar I Disorder
o Full manic and major depressive episodes
Most experience alternation of episodes
90% have future ones
* Ex. Phone call from manic friend
Bipolar II Disorder
o Hypomanic and major depressive episodes
- Often difficult to treat
Cyclothymic Disorder
o Similar symptoms to I and II but milder
Hypomania instead of manic episode
Dysthymia instead of depressive episode
o Must be present for 2+ years with no symptom-free periods over 2 months
parasuicides
A supposed suicide attempt that was not intended to succeed
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Significantly injuring oneself without intention to die
Delusions
o Idea or belief held firmly despite evidence
Ex. persecution, reference, thought broadcasting
Hallucinations
o Can affect any of the senses
Auditory most common (75% of cases)
o Video simulation
Heightened perceptions
Sounds louder, lights brighter, etc.
Neologism
Creating new words
“this desk is cramstile”
Clang
Rhyming speech
“Well, hell, it’s well to tell”
Catatonia
o Unresponsive to environment
Ex. Extreme form in stupor or waxy flexibility
Negative Symptoms (-)
- Restricted affect (emotions)
- Loss of volition AKA avolition (motivation or directedness
- Social withdrawal
- Cognitive deficits
Cognitive deficits
o Problems with memory, attention, or processing speed
Ex. Student with delayed responses to simple questions
Brief psychotic disorder
- Presence of 1+ of the follow
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech
Disorganized or catatonic behavior - Symptoms at least a day but less than a month
- Eventual return to full baseline functioning
- May occur in response to significant stressor
- Similar to acute stress disorder and stress disorder’s relationship
Schizophreniform disorder
- Identical symptoms to schizophrenia, except
o Symptoms at least 1 month but less than 6 months
o Impaired social or occupational functioning not required (although may occur)
Schizoaffective disorder (schizophrenic & emotion)
- Meets criterion A for schizophrenic symptoms for one month
- AND one or more of the following
o Major depressive episode
o Manic episode - Delusions or hallucinations for two weeks in absence of mood problems
- 3x the risk of suicide vs schizophrenia only
Delusional disorder
1+ delusions for one month or longer
- Does NOT meet other criteria for schizophrenia
- Functioning not impaired
o Ex. Extreme theorists
Erotomaniac delusions
belief that another person is in love with individual
Grandiose delusions
belief that they have inflated worth, power, knowledge, etc.
Jealous delusions
belief that individual’s sexual partner is unfaithful
Persecutory delusions
belief that person being treated poorly in some way- someone is out to get me
Somatic delusions
belief that has some physical defect or general medical condition
Schizotypal disorder
- Pattern of interpersonal problems, odd ways of thinking, perceiving and behavioral eccentricities
- This started in childhood versus waking up one day with it
o Ideas (not delusions) of reference
o Odd beliefs or magical thinking
o Odd thinking or speech
o Bizarre affect
o Lack of close friends
