ABNORMAL NON-EPILEPTIC Flashcards
Intermixed diffuse intermittent theta in the most alert state is normal in__________
young adults
T OR F
The slower the frequency, the higher the amplitude, and the greater the persistence, the more likely intermittent theta is abnormal.
T
WHAT PATTERN?
An abnormal high-amplitude burst of diffuse intermittent
theta in an awake adult following a motor vehicle accident associated with
driving under the influence
WHAT PATTERN IS SHOWN?
Generalized monomorphic 5 to 6-Hz theta frequencies
obtained during syncope in a patient undergoing head-up tilt table testing for
neurocardiogenic syncop
Background slowing is defined as slowing of the normal posterior background activity to a frequency slower than the normal alpha rhythm frequency of <8 Hz and is an early finding of_________
encephalopathy
WHAT PATTERN?
Slowing of the posterior dominant rhythm to 6 Hz. This welldefined
background is too slow even in a 65-year-old man
______________appears in bursts of delta that is often high voltage, bisynchronous, and well formed.
Frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA)
FIRDA is most often associated with encephalopathies of toxic or metabolic origin, although it may also occur with subcortical Lesions such as a____________
deep midline lesion or increased intracranial pressure
WHAT PATTERN?
Frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity in a 67-year-old
patient with noncommunicating hydrocephalus. Note the slower 1.0- to 1.5-
Hz frequency and cerebral origin verified by eye monitors
___________, like FIRDA, is a nonspecific finding in the EEG relative to etiology. OIRDA is demonstrated as a posterior predominant bisynchronous rhythmic delta slowing appearing in bursts
Occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity (OIRDA)
OIRDA has been noted to occur in association with ____________epilepsy, but is not an epileptiform abnormality unless intermixed spikes are present
generalized (absence)
WHAT PATTERN?
ORIDA in a 6-year-old child with absence epilepsy.
Continuous generalized slowing consists of polymorphic delta
activity that is continuous or near-continuous (>80% of the
record) and (at least as importantly)___________
unreactive
WHAT IS CHARACTERISTIC?
Continuous irregular 1.5- to 3.0-Hz delta in a 66-year-old man with encephalopathy that was unresponsive. The above example of EEG is representative
of the entire record. No reactivity was noted during the EEG
When seen during encephalopathy or coma, low-voltage EEG is typically associated with ______ AND _______
diffuse slowing and poor reactivity to somatosensory stimulatioN
WHAT ABNORMALITY?
Low-voltage recording in a patient involved in a motor vehicle accident. The recording was obtained at a sensitivity of 2 μV/mm with no voltage
of >20 μV.
A persistent hemispheric difference of _________Hz should be regarded as being abnormal when alpha asymmetry is seen
>1
while the right hemisphere is often asymmetrical in respect to voltage, a persistent amplitude asymmetry of _________should be regarded as abnormal
>50%
WHICH SIDE IS ABN?
Alpha asymmetry in a patient with an acute right frontoparietal ischemic infarction.
WHICH SIDE IS NOT NORMAL?
Focal delta in a 28-year-old patient with right temporal polymorphic delta due to a anterior temporal ganglioglioma. Note the anterior–mid-temporal localization with loss of intermixed faster frequencies
WHERE IS THE LESION?
Focal delta in a 28-year-old patient with right temporal polymorphic delta due to a anterior temporal ganglioglioma. Note the anterior–mid-temporal localization with loss of intermixed faster frequencies
It consists of an intermittent monomorphic burst of delta frequencies maximal typically in a unilateral temporal derivation.
Temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (TIRDA)
WHERE IS THE LESION?
There is a brief 2-sec burst of polymorphic delta activity in the posterior temporal-parietal region of the left hemisphere in a 55-year-old patient with a left subcortical white matter lacunar infarction
WHERE IS THE LESION
A 75-year-old patient with an acute left frontal ischemic infarct. Note the left regional polymorphic delta that affects the entire hemisphere
WHERE IS THE LESION?
A 64-year-old s/p right hemisphere infarct. Over the right
hemisphere, a well-formed alpha rhythm is not present (it is well formed on the
left) and is replaced by polymorphic slow waves (2 to 4 Hz).
_________when localized is indicative of an underlying supratentorial lesion affecting the white matter of the ipsilateral hemisphere
Polymorphic delta activity
Sleep spindles are initially evident in the first 2 months, and by ________of age are synchronous in normal children
2 years
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?
Asymmetry of sleep spindles in a 36-year-old patient with a
right thalamic glioma
Que iso? Criança de 3 anos em coma
Coma delta
que isso?? homem 72 anos em coma
Coma theta
Paciente 20 anos, arresponsivo, que isso?
coma alfa
Paciente de 14 anos em uso de barbiturico. Qual o achado?
Coma beta
Paciente de 55 anos em coma. Qual o achado?
Coma fuso
Achados de EEG no coma de pior prognóstico:
Após estimulo auditivo. Qual alteração?
SIRPIDs( se refere ao acrônimo de Stimulus, Induced, Rhythmic,
Periodic, Ictal (appearing), Discharges)
Quais os achados nessa criança de 6 anos com torpor?
Atividade delta sobreposta por atividade beta
Presença de extreme delta brushs
Qual o achado de EEG dessa criança de 11 anos em coma?
LPD (lateral periodic discharges)
