Abnormal fundoscopy Flashcards
What are features of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
- Microaneurysms (dots)
- Haemorrhages (blots)
- Venous beading
- Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs)
- Hard exudates
- Cotton wool spots
How would you manage diabetic retinopathy?
- Panretinal photocoagulation - both proliferative and non-proliferative
- Focal/grid laser photocoagulation
- Intraviteral anti-VEGF
- Optimise diabetic control
What are retinal features of grade 1 hypertensive retinopathy?
Arteriolar narrowing
What are retinal features of grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy?
- Arteriolar narrowing
- AV nipping
- Silver/copper wiring

What are features of grade III hypertensive retinopathy?
- Arteriolar narrowing
- AV nicking
- Silver wiring
- Retinopathy - flame haemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots

What are retinal features of grade IV hypertensive retinopathy?
- Arteriolar narrowing
- AV nicking
- Silver wiring
- Retinopathy - flame haemorrhages, hard exudates, cotton wool spots
- Papilloedema

How would you manage Hypertensive retinopathy?
Treat hypertension
What are symptoms of retinal artery occlusion?
Sudden painless loss of all vision (central) or part of vision (branch)
What are features of retinal artery occlusion on fundoscopy?
- Swollen, pale (oedematous) retina
- Cherry red spots - macula

How wuld you manage retinal artery occlusion?
Reduce IOP within 6 hours
What are features of retinal vein occlusion on fundoscopy?
- Tortuous dilated vessels
- Widespread retinal flame haemorrhages
- Optic disc oedema

How would you manage retinal vein occlusion?
- No specific treatment
- Photocoagulation - for neovascularisation
What are the 4 F’s of retinal detachment?
- Floaters
- Flashes
- Fall in acuity
- Field loss
What are features of retinal detachment on fundoscopy?
Grey opalescent retina, ballooning forward

how owuld you manage REtinal detachment?
- Surgical vitrectomy
- Cryopexy/laser retinopexy