Abnormal Findings in the Thorax and Lungs

Question 1

What is barrel chest?

Answer 1

• Anterior posterior diameter is equal to transverse diameter.
• Horizontal ribs
• Costal angle >90
• Occurs with chronic emphysema due to hyperinflation of the lungs

Question 2

What are adventitious sounds?

Answer 2

Abnormal sounds caused by the collision of moving air with secretions in the tracheobronchial passageways or by the popping open of a previously deflated airway.

Ex. (crackles, wheezes)

Question 3

What musculoskeletal changes occur due to chronic emphysema?

Answer 3

Hypertrophy of abdominal muscles

Question 4

What is kyphosis?

Answer 4

Outward curvature of the thoracic spine

Question 5

Normal Breath Sounds (1)
-Bronchial (Tracheal)

high, loud pitch

**Inspiration

Answer 5

Normal Location : Trachea and Larynx

sounds harsh, hollow, tubular

Question 6

Normal Breath Sounds (2)
- Bronchovesicular

moderate pitch

**Inspiration = Expiration

Answer 6

Normal Location: Over major bronchi where fewer alveoli are located.

• *Posterior, between scapulae (especially on right)
• *Anterior, around upper sternum in first and second intercostal spaces

Question 7

Normal Breath Sounds (3)
-Vesicular

low, soft pitch

**Inspiration > Expiration

Answer 7

Normal Location: Over peripheral lung fields, where air flows through smaller bronchioles and alveoli.

**sounds rustling like the sounds of the wind in the tress.