Abnormal Behavior

Question 1

Behavior may be abnormal if it involves excessive…

Answer 1

Personal distress, Obvious deviance in thoughts or behaviors, Danger,
Dysfunction

Question 2

Personal distress

Answer 2

Feeling very upset or uncomfortable (psychological or physical)

Question 3

Obvious deviance in thoughts or behaviors

Answer 3

Very unusual or atypical for person’s age, gender, etc.

CULTURAL NORMS play an important role here!

Question 4

Danger

Answer 4

Risking or causing harm to self or others

Question 5

Dysfunction

Answer 5

Impairment in fulfilling expected, everyday roles

Question 6

The Four D’s are Useful….BUT….

Answer 6

There is a lot of “gray area” when using these to understand abnormal behavior. Haven’t we all been distressed, acted odd or done unusual things, behaved in a risky manner at some point or struggled with meeting the demands of everyday life?

Question 7

The question becomes “how much is too much” when it comes to these Four Ds?

Answer 7

It’s a very tough question and clinical judgment. The DSM cites that “clinically significant distress or dysfunction” indicates a disorder. You also see deviance and danger reflected in the majority of disorders as well

Question 8

Mental (Psychological) Disorder Definition

Answer 8

A mental disorder is a syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individuals cognition, emotion regulation, ir behavior that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning. Mental disorders are usually associated with significant distress or disability in social, occupational, or other important activities. An expected or culturally approved response to a common stressor or loss, such as death of a loved one is not a mental disorder. Socially deviant behavior and conflicts that are primarily btw the individual and society are not mental disorders unless the deviance or conflict results from aa dysfunction in the individual.

Question 9

Psychopathology

Answer 9

Another term for abnormal behavior and the scientific study of it

Question 10

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

Answer 10

DSM-5 (May, 2013); Contains all “diagnostic criteria”; not the only available diagnostic manual! It is the most popular, and used around the world.

Question 11

Prevalence

Answer 11

How many people in a given population have the disorder at that time

Question 12

Onset of a Disorder

Answer 12

At what age(s) does the disorder commonly manifest itself?; Acute vs. insidious onset

Question 13

Acute

Answer 13

Abrupt, unexpected

Question 14

Insidious

Answer 14

Gradual

Question 15

Course of a Disorder

Answer 15

What does the disorder look like over time? What pattern does it usually follow?; Examples: episodic, time-limited, or chronic course

Question 16

Prognosis

Answer 16

What can the person expect in the future?

Question 17

Abnormal behavior has existed in all cultures across all time periods, however…

Answer 17

Views regarding the causes and treatments of abnormal behavior have varied widely across cultures and across time!

Question 18

Prehistoric and ancient beliefs

Answer 18

Spirits and possession explain abnormal experiences

Question 19

Greco-Roman explanations

Answer 19

A focus on brain dysfunction, heredity, or bodily “humors,”

Question 20

Middle Ages

Answer 20

A return to the supernatural; Evil, possession, and witchcraft all become predominant explanations for abnormal behavior due to the influence of religion at that time; “Lunacy”

Question 21

Lunacy

Answer 21

Introduced during the 1500’s (Paracelsus); Luna= moon, belief that a full moon made individuals have abnormal experiences

Question 22

Trephining

Answer 22

Ancient practice in which a hole was made in an individuals skull in order to “release their demons”

Question 23

Salem Witch Trials

Answer 23

Most likely would not have occurred if what we know now was known; 20 killed on American soil, .10,000 in Europe

Question 24

The Renaissance and Reform Movement

Answer 24

Focus on humanism, compassion, “moral therapy”

Question 25

The 20th century

Answer 25

Continued reform and use of science to explore the origins of abnormal behavior; Clinical psychology and Psychiatry

Question 26

Clinical Psychology

Answer 26

Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, the “cognitive revolution”

Question 27

Psychiatry

Answer 27

Use of psychopharmacology, therapy

Question 28

Contemporary Trends in Abnormal Psychology

Answer 28

A focus on the influence of multiculturalism, The rise of positive psychology, Changes in the therapeutic landscape; A more sophisticated, integrative approach to understanding risk for and resilience from psychopathology

Question 29

Changes in the therapeutic landscape

Answer 29

The drug revolution of the 1950’s forward, The influence of managed care, Increased appreciation for research

Question 30

An Integrative Approach to Risk: Multipath Model

Answer 30

Biological Dimension, Psychological Dimension, Social Dimension, Sociocultural Dimension

Question 31

Biological Dimension

Answer 31

Genetics, Brain Anatomy, Biochemical Imbalance, CNS Functioning, Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity, etc

Question 32

Psychological Dimension

Answer 32

Personality, Cognition, Emotions, Learning, Stress-Coping, Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy, Values, Early Experiences, etched

Question 33

Social Dimension

Answer 33

Family, Relationships, Social, Support, Belonging, Love, Marital Status, Community, etc.

Question 34

Sociocultural Dimension

Answer 34

Race, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity, Culture, etc

Question 35

Multipath Model Explanation of Resiliance

Answer 35

Maintaining emotional equilibrium, Coping with stress and hardship, Facing adversity with strength, Recovering from trauma

Question 36

The Resilience Model

Answer 36

Strengths, assets, and protective factors that help maximize mental health and allow individuals to bounce back from trauma and stressful life events