Ablatives Flashcards

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1
Q

Ablative of Means or Instrument

A

Definition: A noun or pronoun that answers the question “by means of what?” or “by what/with what?” is the action of the verb performed.

Recognition: a noun/pronoun in the ablative without a preposition

Ex: Litteras stilo scripsit.

He wrote the letter with a pencil. (Note: there is no ‘cum’ to indicate the ablative, and it appears alone)

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2
Q

Ablatives of Accompaniment and Manner

A

Definition: An ablative noun/pronoun (usually a person) that answers the question “In whose company/with whom is the action performed”

Recognitions: an ablative with the preposition cum (with)

Ex: Cum agricola laborat
He was working with the farmer

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3
Q

Ablative with Cardinal Numbers

A

With cardinal numbers and with quidam (a certain one) and sometimes pauci (small, little) the idea of the whole is expressed by ex or de and the ablative.

Ex: tres ex eis

Ex: Quinque ex eis

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4
Q

Ablative of Time When or Within Which

A

Definition: An action occurred by using the ablative without a preposition. When translating you must supply “at”, “on”, “in”, or “within” depending on the English idiot

Recognition: No ablative, but not an ablative of means/manner

Ex: Eo tempore non poteram id facere. At that time I could not do it.

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5
Q

Ablative of Personal Agent

A

Definition: The personal agent by whom the action of passive verb is performed by.

Recognition: Indicated by the preposition a/ab. (From, out of, by, since)

Ex: Di Caesarem admonent. The Gods are warning Caesar.

Ex: Caesar a dis admonetur. Ceasar is warned by the gods. (Agent)

Notice the difference between the two sentences. The Gods being the subject versus Caesar being the subject.

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6
Q

Ablatives of Place from Which

A

Definition: Involves a verb of active motion from one place to another.

Recognition: governed by one of the prepositions “ab” (from, out of, by, since), “de” (from, away from, down from), or “ex” (by which, from, out of, by)

Ex: Graeci a patria sua ad Italiam navigaverunt. The Greeks sailed from their (own) country to Italy.

Ex: Flumen de montibus in mare fluxit. The river flowed down from the mountain to the sea.

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7
Q

Ablatives of Separation

A

Definition: Implies that some person or thin is separate from another. There is no movement from one place to another.

Recognition: sometimes there is no preposition, especially with verbs meaning “to free”, “to lack,” and “to deprive” which take an ablative of separation.

Ex: Cicero hostes ab urbe prohibuit. Cicero kept the enemy away from the city.

Ex: Eos timore liberavit. He freed them from fear.

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