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Quiz Bowl > ABHI_RRHSQB - Chemistry_Physics > Flashcards

ABHI_RRHSQB - Chemistry_Physics Flashcards

1
Q

Brewster’s angle

A

Snell’s Law —– Snell’s Law can be used to find this angle, also known as the polarization angle

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2
Q

heat capacity

A

temperature —– heat capactiy= heat added/ change in temperature

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3
Q

Gyroscopic precession

A

torque —– This precession is also known as torque induced precession.

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4
Q

single P-N junction

A

diode– This is a structural component of a diode

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5
Q

Klein-Nishina formula

A

scattering —– This formula gives the cross section distribution of particles influenced by scattering

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6
Q

Euler’s equations.

A

torque —– Torque appears on one side of this equation

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7
Q

isothermal process

A

temperature —– In this process, temperature remains constant

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8
Q

symbolized Q

A

charge —– Duh

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9
Q

Second of Maxwell’s equations

A

magnetic field—–When expressed as a differential equation, magnetic field has a dovergence of zero

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10
Q

a gas’s temperature and its pressure

A

absolute zero —– Absolute zero occurs when the gas’s pressure is zero

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11
Q

newton metres or joules per radian

A

torque —– This is the unit of measurement for torque

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12
Q

Sackur-Tetrode equation

A

Entropy —– This equation is used to find the entropy for ideal gases.

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13
Q

stribeck curve

A

friction —– ???

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14
Q

“moment.”

A

torque —– Torque is also known by this name

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15
Q

Student of Tyco Brahe

A

Johannes Kepler —– This is an attribute of Keper.

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16
Q

Developed three laws of planetary motion

A

Johannes Kepler —– This is an attribute of Kepler.

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17
Q

Reynolds number

A

viscosity —– The Reynolds number is tyhe inverse of viscosity

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18
Q

application of an external magnetic field to a current-carrying conductor results in the generation of a voltage gradient.

A

Hall effect —– This is the definition of the Hall effect

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19
Q

The liquid drop model

A

Pauli Exclusion Principle —– The liquid drop model explains asymmetry energy, which is associated with the Pauli Exclusion principle

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20
Q

saturation current… thermal voltage minus 1

A

diode– This is the Shockley equation in words, which solves for the current flowing through a diode

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21
Q

contained in AZT

A

azide —– An azido group is present in this antiviral drug which is used to treat HIV

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22
Q

ideal gas particle’s kinetic energy

A

temperature —– equals 3/2* boltzmann’s constant times temperature

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23
Q

measured by a SQUID

A

magnetic field—–Small magnetic field are measured by this device, short of superconducting quantum interference device

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24
Q

value ΔE over ΔS

A

temperature —– Deriving temperature from the second law of thermodynamics results in this value

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25
Q

Vertical lines on Mollier diagrams

A

enthalpy —– These lines show that enthapy did not change

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26
Q

White dwarves do not become black holes because of this

A

Pauli exclusion principle —– This law prevents white dwarves from collapsing

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27
Q

helium-4

A

triple point —– Helium-4 has two of these points

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28
Q

Kirchoff’s junction rule/ second law

A

charge —– Kirchoff’s junction rule says that the sdum of the currents flowing out of a junction equal to sum of the currents going in. This is true because of the conservation of charge

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29
Q

0 K

A

absolute zero —– This is the abolute temprature of absolute zero

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30
Q

Varignon’s theorem

A

torque —– This theorem states that the torque of a force is equal to the sum of its components about the same point

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31
Q

scale named for Pauling

A

electronegativity —– The Pauling scale is most commonly used

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32
Q

Glycerol backbone

A

esters —– Three esters make up the glycerol backbone

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33
Q

zeroth law of thermodynamics

A

temperature —– This law states that temperature equilibrium will be reached between two adjacent entities

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34
Q

product of the moment of inertia and the angular acceleration

A

torque —– Torque is equal to the product of these two values.

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35
Q

standard deviation of A times the standard deviation of B is greater than or equal to negative i over tow times the commutator of A and B

A

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle —– This is the uncertainty principle in simple terms. (Yeah, right.)

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36
Q

Kirchoff’s law

A

enthalpy —– This converts change in temperature to change in enthalpy

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37
Q

Cooper pairs.

A

superconductor—-These pairs of electrons occur due to electron-phonon interactions

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38
Q

time derivative is current

A

charge —– Current is equal to coulombs per second

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39
Q

symbolized H

A

enthalpy —– Giveaway clue!

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40
Q

Gauss’s Law

A

magnetic field—–Gauss’s law states that the net magnetic fulx through a surface is zero

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41
Q

produces the Hall Effect

A

magnetic field—–The Hall effect is a production of voltage difference transverse to an electric current and perpendicular to a magnetic field

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42
Q

Arabic Ibn Shal

A

Snell’s Law —– This man in also credited for discovering the law.

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43
Q

Broken down by water

A

Esters —– This is an attribute of esters.

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44
Q

positive values are endothermic

A

enthalpy —– This is a way of analyzing reactions using enthalpy

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45
Q

Eotvos rule

A

temperature —– This rule relates temperature to surface tension

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46
Q

Tomlinson model

A

friction —– This model explores friction on an atomic scale

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47
Q

Shockley equation

A

diode– This equation solves for the current traveling through a diode

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48
Q

Meissner effect

A

superconductor—–T%his effect occurs when a superconductor creates a magnetic field

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49
Q

Jensen’s triangle

A

electronegativity —– Electronegativity is used to plot species on this triangle

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50
Q

liquid and gas cease to be separate phases

A

critical point —– This is the giveaway clue for the critical point

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51
Q

“ballerina skirt” model

A

magnetic field—–This model is used the describe the effect one magnetic field has on another

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52
Q

joules per kilogram

A

enthalpy —– This is the unit for enthalpy

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53
Q

air bags

A

azide —– A quick reaction of sodium azide yields an amount of nitrogen gas, which blows up an air bag.

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54
Q

Descartes’ Law

A

Snell’s Law —– This is another name for Snell’s Law

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55
Q

variance in energy times the variance in time is greatr than or equal to h-bar over 2.

A

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle —– This is the mathematical expression of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.

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56
Q

Stokes and anti-Stokes varieties

A

scattering —– This is a characteristic of Raman scattering

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57
Q

Henry VIII

A

critical point —– A technique for making decaf coffee employs the critical point.

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58
Q

Lennard-Jones potential

A

Pauli Exclusion Principle —– The r^-12 term in this equation describes the Pauli repulsion

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59
Q

Bohr model violates

A

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle —– In an advanced representation of the atom, electrons cannot be assigned a specific position around the atomic nucleus, a trait characteristic of the Bohr atomic model.

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60
Q

Student of Niels Bohr in 1926

A

Werner Heisenberg —– Heisenberg was a pupil of another physicist named Niels Bohr in Copenhagen in the year 1926. This is where he developed the uncertainty principle

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61
Q

quantum mechanics

A

Werner Heisenberg —– Heisenberg studied this branch of physics.

62
Q

tautochrone and brachistochrone problems

A

friction —– These types of porblems ignore friction

63
Q

Bromthymol blue

A

titration —– This is an indicator of titration

64
Q

h over 2 pi

A

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle —– This is an expression on one side of the mathematica represenation of Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle. h, here, represents the Planck constant.

65
Q

ELISA assay

A

titration —– This is a form of biological titration used to determine the concentration of a virus or bacteria.

66
Q

geometric mean of each element

A

electronegativity —– This is how you find electronegativity for a compound

67
Q

total internal reflection

A

Snell’s Law —– Snell’s Law describes this phenomenon in fiber optics

68
Q

have a charge of either +2/3 or -1/3

A

quarks —– These are the charges for quarks

69
Q

Stefan-Boltzmann law

A

temperature —– Temperature is raised to the fourth power in this equation

70
Q

superfluids generally have zero of this value

A

viscoisty —– Superfluids have no visocity at extremely low temperatures

71
Q

critical angle

A

Snell’s Law —– Snell’s Law can also be used to calculate the critical angle

72
Q

one cannot know both the position and the veloctiy of a particle

A

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle —– This premise is essentially the basis of the uncertainity principle

73
Q

entropy of a perfect crystal is zero

A

absolute zero —– This statement summarizes the Third Law of Thermodynamics.

74
Q

Robertson-Schrodinger relation

A

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle —– This is a relation from which the Uncertainty principle is derived.

75
Q

Seebeck’s effect

A

temperature —– A gradient in this causes the generation of a potential difference in a metal

76
Q

promote current flow in only one direction

A

diodes— This is a give-away clue for diodes

77
Q

the Law of Sines

A

Snell’s Law —– Apparently, Descartes discovered this law first, and named it the Law of Sines

78
Q

Arrhenius equation

A

temperature —– Temperature is an important value in this equation, and it increases exponentially, causing a change in reaction rate

79
Q

Hess’s Law

A

enthalpy —– This law states that the sum of individual enthalpy changes will result in the entire enthalpy change.

80
Q

Iodine and sulfur dioxide

A

Titration —– These substances are used to measure the presence of water during titration.

81
Q

Gay-Lussac’s Law

A

temperature —– pressure is directly proportional to temperature

82
Q

Staudinger Reaction

A

azide —– This process is a method of deriving azides

83
Q

Wein’s law

A

temperature —– the wavelength of blackbody radiation in inversely proportional to this value

84
Q

couple.

A

torque —– a couple is a system that has a nonzero value for torque, but no motion

85
Q

transorb

A

diodes—This is created when two opposing diodes interact

86
Q

Stellated ployhedra

A

Johannes Kepler —– Kepler defined there polyhedra

87
Q

Fruity smelling

A

Esters —– This is a give-away clue

88
Q

beautiful girl drowning

A

Snell’s Law —– Richard Feynman explains Snell’s Law using the analogy of a drowning girl

89
Q

Two R groups

A

Esters —– This is another structural component of esters

90
Q

Lydersen method

A

critical point —– This is yet another method to calculate critical points

91
Q

spontaneous reactions have a negative value of this

A

enthalpy —– spontaneous reactions are exothermic.

92
Q

Sutherland’s formula

A

viscosity —– This formula allows one to find the visocisty of an ideal gas

93
Q

greek letter mu

A

friction —– This represents friction

94
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

Entropy —– This law states that entropy of an isolated system never decreases

95
Q

Liouville equation

A

torque —– Torque is the source term for this equation

96
Q

phase diagram

A

temperature —– Along with pressure, temperature is an axis for the phase diagram

97
Q

SI unit of Tesla

A

magentic field—–Magnnetic field (flux density) is measured in Teslas, which is equivalent to one weber per meter

98
Q

Sodium salt

A

azide —– Sodium azide is commonly used in air bags

99
Q

principle of equalization

A

electronegativity —– This principle explains how to find electronegativity for a compound

100
Q

Cauchy-Schwarz inequality

A

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle —– This is a source of the derivation of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This principle states that the square absolute value of the inner product of the vector is less than or equal to the inner product of each individual element insidethe vector.

101
Q

YBCO

A

superconductor—–This is an example of a superconductor

102
Q

Poinsot’s ellipsoid

A

torque —– Poinsot’s ellipsoid is a method for isuaizing torque-free motion of a rotating rigid body

103
Q

Lorentzian profile due to the natural broadening of spectral lines.

A

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle —– This is one of the applications of the uncertainty principle.

104
Q

Third Law of Thermodynamics

A

absolute zero —– This law says that absolute zero cannot be reached in a finite number of steps

105
Q

angular momentum

A

torque —– Torque is the time derivative of anguar momentum

106
Q

Shannon and Boltzmann varieties

A

Entropy —– Entropy can come in these forms

107
Q

No two Fermions can possess the same set of quantum numbers

A

Pauli Exclusion Principle —– This is the main idea behind the principle.

108
Q

Sanderson

A

electronegativity —– Sanderon developed the princple of equalization

109
Q

van der Pauw technique

A

Hall effect —– This is a method used to quantify the Hall coefficient of a sample

110
Q

London penetration depth

A

superconductor—– The London penetration depth is the distance th which a magnetic field penetrates into a superconductor

111
Q

tau

A

torque —– Torque is represented by this letter

112
Q

torsion

A

torque —– Deformation due to torque is known as torsion

113
Q

Ball and roller bearings

A

friction —– These can reduce the friction constant

114
Q

For water it occurs about .01 degrees Celsius above the normal freezing point.

A

triple point —– The triple point of water occurs close to its freezing temperature.

115
Q

Joback method

A

critical point —– This method can calculate other important points, such as critical temperature and critical pressure

116
Q

Bose-Einstein Condensate

A

absolute zero —– compact, degenerate states formed near absolute zero from particles with integer spins.

117
Q

Gibbs’s phase rule

A

triple point —– there exist one fewer degrees of freedom under this condition than the number of components in the mixture.

118
Q

lambda points

A

triple point —– Helium-4’s triple points are equal to this value

119
Q

Ginzberg-Landau Theory

A

superconductor—–This theory describes superconductivity in mathematical terms

120
Q

Rudolphine Tables

A

Johannes Kepler —– This was Kepler’s most famous work, which is a catalog of stars and planets.

121
Q

0.7 volt

A

diode– These are ideal conditions for a diode

122
Q

Mulliken scale

A

electronegativity —– This scale is found by taking the average of the ionization energy and the electron affinity for each atom

123
Q

Lorentz force

A

Hall effect —– The hall effect is a result of the Lorentz force

124
Q

solid, liquid, and gas simultaneously.

A

triple point —– This is a giveaway clue for triple point

125
Q

Navier Stokes equation can be simplified to Euler equation

A

viscosity —– When viscoity is zero, the navier-stokes equation is the same as the Euler equation

126
Q

Zahn cup

A

viscosity —– Viscocity is measured by a Zahn cup

127
Q

Carbon double-bonded to one oxygen and single-bonded to another oxygen

A

Esters —– This describes the structure of esters

128
Q

Hypothesized that the six planets were distinct Platonic solids

A

Johannes Kepler —– This was one of Kepler’s theories.

129
Q

273.16 K

A

triple point —– This is the triple point of water.

130
Q

entropy of a system reaches a fixed minimum

A

absolute zero —– Entropy reaches a value of zero as one approaches absolute zero

131
Q

Clausius-Clapeyron equation

A

triple point —– The plot of two solutions of this equation intersect at the triple point

132
Q

“skin” type

A

friction —– Skin friction occurs when a fluid slides against a solid (water sliding by an ice cube, eg)

133
Q

Einstein relation

A

temperature —– This relation states that the diffusion coefficient is proportional to this quantity

134
Q

measured in poises

A

viscosity —– Visocity is measured in poises (pwahs) or pascal-seconds

135
Q

Guldberg Rule

A

critical point —– This rule states that the boiling point of a substance is 2/3 of its critical point

136
Q

Lorentz forces equal to charge times velcotiy cross

A

magnetic field—–The Lorentz force is found by: F=q[E+vB]. B is the magnetic field and E is the electric field

137
Q

Ampere’s Law

A

magnetic field—–According to Ampere’s Law, the strenght of a magnetic field is proportional to the electric current

138
Q

Boyle’s law constant

A

temperature —– This is a constant value in Boyle’s law

139
Q

cross product of the electric dipole moment with the electric field

A

torque —– This is another method for calculating torque

140
Q

Sigmoid curve

A

titration —– This type of curve can be used to describe the titration curve.

141
Q

“Fermi sea” of electrons

A

absolute zero —– This scattering of electrons occurs due to the Pauli Exclusion Principle

142
Q

Fermat’s principle of least time

A

Snell’s Law —– This principle can be used to derive Snell’s law

143
Q

Poisson-Boltzmann equaltion

A

charge —– This equation computes the density of electric charge

144
Q

phenolphtalein

A

titration —– This substance is used as an indicator for titration .

145
Q

free-electron model

A

temperature —– By this, the resistivity of a metal is proportional to the square root of this quantity.

146
Q

Corbino effect

A

Hall effect —– This is a similar law that describes the flow of charges around a circular disk

147
Q

heat content

A

enthalpy —– This is the dumb way of describing enthalpy

148
Q

Allred and Rochow

A

electronegativity —– These scientist developed a way to calulate this quantity by using effective nuclear charges

149
Q

curl of the vector potential A

A

magnetic field—–This is a slightly complicated definition of magnetic field

150
Q

Mie variety

A

scattering —– This is a type of scattering requires that the scattered particle is a sphere.

151
Q

BCS theory

A

superconductor—–This theory governs superconducticity

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