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Respiratory SB > ABG's > Flashcards

ABG's Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypoxia

A

lack of oxygen in tissues

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2
Q

what is hypoxaemia

A

low oxygen levels within the blood

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3
Q

what is the acid base balance equation

A

H+ + HCO3- ↔ H2CO3 ↔ CO2 + H2O

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4
Q

what are the two problems we can have from the equation

A

too much H+

too much carbon dioxide

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5
Q

what is the basic concept of compensation

A

1 - When you’ve got too much hydrogen ion, the lungs blow off carbon dioxide
2 - When you’ve got too much carbon dioxide, the kidney gets rid of the hydrogen ion.

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6
Q

what is Acidaemia

A

increased hydrogen ion concentration

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7
Q

what is alkaleamia

A

decreased hydrogen ion concentration

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8
Q

what is acidosis

A

process tending to cause increase hydrogen ion concentration

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9
Q

what is alkalosis

A

process tending to cause decrease hydrogen ion concentration

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10
Q

what is the respiratory component

A

pCO2

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11
Q

what is the metabolic component

A

HCO3

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12
Q

when it is a respiratory problem, where is the primary change

A

pCO2

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13
Q

when it is a metabolic component, where is the primary change

A

HCO3-

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14
Q

what is respiratory acidosis

A

increased [H+] due to increased pCO2

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15
Q

what is respiratory alkalosis

A

decreased [H+] due to decreased pCO2

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16
Q

what is metabolic acidosis

A

increased [H+] due to decreased

HCO3-

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17
Q

what is metabolic alkalosis

A

decreased [H+] due to increased HCO3-

18
Q

what is respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis

A

Primary problem is too much hydrogen ions

Compensate by blowing off carbon dioxide

19
Q

what is metabolic compensation for respiratory acidosis

A

PRIMARY problem is too much CO2

COMPENSATE by excreting more H+

20
Q

what acid-base balance is common in COPD

A

Metabolic compensation for respiratory acidosis

21
Q

increased bicarbonate is a compensatory response to what

A

Respiratory acidosis

i.e. increased PCO2

22
Q

decreased bicarbonate is a compensatory response to what

A

Respiratory alkalosis

i.e. decreased PCO2

23
Q

what is the compensatory response to Metabolic acidosis (decreased bicarbonate)

A

Decrease PCO2

24
Q

what is the compensatory response to metabolic alkalosis

increased bicarbonate

A

Increased PCO2

25
Q

what are the arterial blood gases

A

H+
pCO2
HCO3-
pO2

26
Q

what are causes of Respiratory acidosis

A

COPD
Choking
Bronchopneumonia

27
Q

what are causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

panic attack

mechanical over-ventilation

28
Q

what are causes of metabolic acidosis

A
  • impaired H+ excretion
  • increased H+ production or ingestion
  • loss of HCO3-
29
Q

what are causes of metabolic alkalosis

A
  • loss of H+ in vomit
  • alkali ingestion
  • potassium deficiency
30
Q

what is acidaemia classified as

A

pH

31
Q

what is alkalaemia classified as

A

pH > 7.45

32
Q

what type of compensation is rapid

A

respiratory compensation

33
Q

how long does metabolic compensation take

A

hours to days

34
Q

what are the two most common types of acid base balance

A

Respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

35
Q

what type of acid base balance is sepsis

A

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation

36
Q

what type of acid base balance is chronic type 2 respiratory failure

A

Respiratory acidosis with metabolic compensation

37
Q

how does the presentation of acute type 2 respiratory failure differ from chronic

A

it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis

38
Q

what is the anion gap

A

The difference between the main measure cations (positively charged ions) i.e. Na+ and K+ and the anions (negatively charged ions) i.e. Cl- and HCO3-.

39
Q

what is base excess

A

the difference between the patient’s bicarbonate level and the normal bicarbonate level

40
Q

what does a BE more than +2 suggest

A

metabolic alkalosis

41
Q

what does a BE less than -2 suggest

A

metabolic acidosis

Respiratory SB (14 decks)

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