ABG's

Question 1

What information is included in and ABG?

Answer 1

pH, PaCO2, HCO3, BE, PaO2, SaO2, Hemoglobin, Carboxyhemoglobin, Lactate, Potassium, Glucose

Question 2

What is the difference beween PaCO2 and PACO2?

Answer 2

One is the partial pressure of arterial CO2 and the other is Alveolar CO2.

Question 3

Which acid-base buffering system works within seconds?

Answer 3

Bicarb (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Question 4

Which acid-base buffering system works within minutes?

Answer 4

Lungs to hold or blow off CO2

Question 5

Which acid-base buffering system works within hours to days?

Answer 5

Kidneys to resorb/excrete bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 6

An arterial pH of__ is acidotic.

Answer 6

< 7.35

Question 7

An arterial pH of __ is alkalotic.

Answer 7

> 7.45

Question 8

What is the perfect arterial pH?

Answer 8

7.40

Question 9

What level of CO2 indicates acidosis?

Answer 9

> 45

Question 10

What is the normal range for CO2?

Answer 10

35-45

Question 11

What level of CO2 indicates alkalosis?

Answer 11

<35

Question 12

What level of bicarbonate indicates acidosis?

Answer 12

<22

Question 13

What is the normal range for bicarbonate?

Answer 13

22-26

Question 14

What level of bicarbonate indicates alkalosis?

Answer 14

> 26

Question 15

What is a normal range for base excess?

Answer 15

-3 to 3 mEq/L

Question 16

A positive base excess indicates?

Answer 16

Base excess

Question 17

A negative base excess indicates?

Answer 17

Base deficit

Question 18

A base excess between -3 to -6 indicates what severity of acidosis?

Answer 18

Mild

Question 19

A base excess between -6 to -15 indicates what severity of acidosis?

Answer 19

Moderate

Question 20

A base excess of more than -15 indicates what severity of acidosis?

Answer 20

Severe

Question 21

What is the normal range for PaO2?

Answer 21

80-100 mmHg

Question 22

What is the normal range for SaO2?

Answer 22

92-98%

Question 23

What is the difference between PaO2 and SaO2?

Answer 23

PaO2 is the plasma concentration of dissolved oxygen and SaO2 is the percent of hemoglobin bound with oxygen.

Question 24

Explain the “40-50-60-70-80-90” pneumonic

Answer 24

40 mmHg = 70% (severe hypoxemia - immediate intervention)
50 mmHg = 80% (hypoxemia - needs O2)
60 mmHg = 90% (normal)

Question 25

What causes the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift right?

Answer 25

Hyperthermia Acidosis Maternal blood

Question 26

Does a right shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve cause increased or reduced affinity?

Answer 26

Reduced

Question 27

What causes the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift left?

Answer 27

Hypothermia Alkalosis Fetal bloo

Question 28

Does a left shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve cause increased or reduced affinity?

Answer 28

Increased

Question 29

Vomiting, gastric suctioning, potassium loss due to diuretic, steroid use, diarrhea, and antacid overuse all contribute to what metabolic disturbance?

Answer 29

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 30

Metabolic alkalosis has a pH of __ and HCO3 of __?

Answer 30

pH >7.45 HCO3 >26

Question 31

Metabolic acidosis has a pH of __ and HCO3 of __?

Answer 31

pH <7.35 HCO3 <22

Question 32

Lactic acidosis, DKA, alcohol keto-acidosis, sever malnutrition, prolonged seizures, rhabdomyolysis, and toxic exposure all contribute to what metabolic disturbance?

Answer 32

Metabolic acidosis

Question 33

You should anticipate and assess for renal dysfunction with which metabolic disturbance?

Answer 33

Metabolic acidosis

Question 34

Respiratory alkalosis has a pH of __ and CO2 of __?

Answer 34

pH1 >7.45 CO2 <35

Question 35

Alveolar hypertension can be caused by what?

Answer 35

Pain, anxiety, pregnancy, high altitude, over-bagging BVM, pulmonary embolism

Question 36

Aspirin overdoses can induce what metabolic disturbance?

Answer 36

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 37

Carpopedal spasms can be caused by increased or decreased minute ventilation

Answer 37

Decreased

Question 38

Respiratory alkalosis has a pH of __ and CO2 of __?

Answer 38

pH <7.35 CO2 >45

Question 39

A pH of __ indicates severe shock.

Answer 39

<7.2

Question 40

A CO2 of __ indicates hypercarbic respiratory failure.

Answer 40

>55

Question 41

A PaO2 of __ indicates hypoxic respiratory failure.

Answer 41

<60

Question 42

For every change of 10 mmHg of ETCO2, the pH will change:

Answer 42

0.08 in the opposite direction.

Question 43

For every change of 0.15 in pH, the HCO3 will change:

Answer 43

10 mmol/L in the same direction.

Question 44

For every change of 0.10 in pH, the K+ will change:

Answer 44

0.6 mEq in the opposite direction.

Question 45

For every change of 10 mmHg in CO2, the K+ will change

Answer 45

0.5 mEq in the same direction.