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FP-C > ABG's > Flashcards

ABG's Flashcards

1
Q

What information is included in and ABG?

A

pH, PaCO2, HCO3, BE, PaO2, SaO2, Hemoglobin, Carboxyhemoglobin, Lactate, Potassium, Glucose

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2
Q

What is the difference beween PaCO2 and PACO2?

A

One is the partial pressure of arterial CO2 and the other is Alveolar CO2.

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3
Q

Which acid-base buffering system works within seconds?

A

Bicarb (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3)

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4
Q

Which acid-base buffering system works within minutes?

A

Lungs to hold or blow off CO2

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5
Q

Which acid-base buffering system works within hours to days?

A

Kidneys to resorb/excrete bicarbonate (HCO3)

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6
Q

An arterial pH of__ is acidotic.

A

< 7.35

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7
Q

An arterial pH of __ is alkalotic.

A

> 7.45

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8
Q

What is the perfect arterial pH?

A

7.40

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9
Q

What level of CO2 indicates acidosis?

A

> 45

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10
Q

What is the normal range for CO2?

A

35-45

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11
Q

What level of CO2 indicates alkalosis?

A

<35

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12
Q

What level of bicarbonate indicates acidosis?

A

<22

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13
Q

What is the normal range for bicarbonate?

A

22-26

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14
Q

What level of bicarbonate indicates alkalosis?

A

> 26

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15
Q

What is a normal range for base excess?

A

-3 to 3 mEq/L

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16
Q

A positive base excess indicates?

A

Base excess

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17
Q

A negative base excess indicates?

A

Base deficit

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18
Q

A base excess between -3 to -6 indicates what severity of acidosis?

A

Mild

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19
Q

A base excess between -6 to -15 indicates what severity of acidosis?

A

Moderate

20
Q

A base excess of more than -15 indicates what severity of acidosis?

A

Severe

21
Q

What is the normal range for PaO2?

A

80-100 mmHg

22
Q

What is the normal range for SaO2?

A

92-98%

23
Q

What is the difference between PaO2 and SaO2?

A

PaO2 is the plasma concentration of dissolved oxygen and SaO2 is the percent of hemoglobin bound with oxygen.

24
Q

Explain the “40-50-60-70-80-90” pneumonic

A

40 mmHg = 70% (severe hypoxemia - immediate intervention)
50 mmHg = 80% (hypoxemia - needs O2)
60 mmHg = 90% (normal)

25
Q

What causes the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift right?

A

Hyperthermia
Acidosis
Maternal blood

26
Q

Does a right shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve cause increased or reduced affinity?

A

Reduced

27
Q

What causes the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to shift left?

A

Hypothermia
Alkalosis
Fetal bloo

28
Q

Does a left shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve cause increased or reduced affinity?

A

Increased

29
Q

Vomiting, gastric suctioning, potassium loss due to diuretic, steroid use, diarrhea, and antacid overuse all contribute to what metabolic disturbance?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

30
Q

Metabolic alkalosis has a pH of __ and HCO3 of __?

A

pH >7.45
HCO3 >26

31
Q

Metabolic acidosis has a pH of __ and HCO3 of __?

A

pH <7.35
HCO3 <22

32
Q

Lactic acidosis, DKA, alcohol keto-acidosis, sever malnutrition, prolonged seizures, rhabdomyolysis, and toxic exposure all contribute to what metabolic disturbance?

A

Metabolic acidosis

33
Q

You should anticipate and assess for renal dysfunction with which metabolic disturbance?

A

Metabolic acidosis

34
Q

Respiratory alkalosis has a pH of __ and CO2 of __?

A

pH1 >7.45
CO2 <35

35
Q

Alveolar hypertension can be caused by what?

A

Pain, anxiety, pregnancy, high altitude, over-bagging BVM, pulmonary embolism

36
Q

Aspirin overdoses can induce what metabolic disturbance?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

37
Q

Carpopedal spasms can be caused by increased or decreased minute ventilation

A

Decreased

38
Q

Respiratory alkalosis has a pH of __ and CO2 of __?

A

pH <7.35
CO2 >45

39
Q

A pH of __ indicates severe shock.

A

<7.2

40
Q

A CO2 of __ indicates hypercarbic respiratory failure.

A

> 55

41
Q

A PaO2 of __ indicates hypoxic respiratory failure.

A

<60

42
Q

For every change of 10 mmHg of ETCO2, the pH will change:

A

0.08 in the opposite direction.

43
Q

For every change of 0.15 in pH, the HCO3 will change:

A

10 mmol/L in the same direction.

44
Q

For every change of 0.10 in pH, the K+ will change:

A

0.6 mEq in the opposite direction.

45
Q

For every change of 10 mmHg in CO2, the K+ will change

A

0.5 mEq in the same direction.

46
Q
A

FP-C (3 decks)

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