ABG Flashcards
what does an ABG analysis allow us to do
determine oxygenation status and acid base balance
what helps us to adjust our pH levels
respiratory and renal
what are normal values for pH
7.35-7.45
what are normal PaO2 levels
80-100mmhg
what are normal SaO2 levels
> 95%
what are normal PaCO2 levels
35-45 mmHg
what are normal HCO3 levels
22-26mEq/L
what tells us how acidotic or alkalotic our blood is
pH
what tells us the amount of oxygen dissolved in arterial blood
PaO2
what tells us the saturation of oxygen on hemoglobin
SaO2
what is regulated by the lungs
PaCO2
what is regulated by the kidneys
HCO3
what is the body FASTEST way to change our pH
lungs because they regulate CO2 (acid) levels within minutes
how do the lungs compensate for acidosis
RR and depth will increase and CO2 will be blown off
how do the lungs compensate for alkalosis
RR and depth will decrease and CO2 will be retained
what is our “base”
bicarbonate
what is our “acid”
carbonic acid
the ______ regulate _____ levels but its a ______ system, takes hours to days
kidneys; HCO3; slower
how do our kidneys compensate for acidosis
H+ ions will be excreted and HCO3 will be retained
how do our kidneys compensate for alkalosis
H+ ions will be retained and HCO3 will be excreted
if pH is less than 7.35 what is it
acidosis
if pH is more than 7.45 what is it
alkalosis
if PaCO2 is less than 35 what is it
alkalosis
if PaCO2 is more than 45 what is it
acidosis
if HCO3 is less than 22 what is it
acidosis
if HCO3 is more than 26 what is it
alkalosis
what is mild hypoxemia
70-80 mmHg
what is moderate hypoxemia
60-70 mmHg
what is severe hypoxemia
<60 mmHg
head trauma over sedation/drug OD neruomuscular disorder COPD respiratory arrest pneumonia atelectasis
respiratory acidosis
pregnancy and labor pulmonary emboli acute asthma nervousness, anxiety, fear high altitude mechanical ventilation
respiratory alkalosis
diabetic ketoacidosis renal insufficiency or failure incomplete metabolism of carbohydrates (lactic acidosis) salicylate intoxication severe diarrhea/fistulas malnutrition or high fat diet liver failure
metabolic acidosis
excessive vomiting
ingestion of excess sodium bicarb
prolonged gastric lavage
administration of potent diureticss
metabolic alkalosis
