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MS LEC MONTHLYS > ABG > Flashcards

ABG Flashcards

1
Q

Normal pH value?

A

7.35 to 7.45

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2
Q

Normal PaCO2 value?

A

35 to 45 mmHg

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3
Q

Normal HCO3 value?

A

22 to 26 mEq/L

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4
Q

Normal PaO2 values?

A

70-100 mmHg

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5
Q

Normal O2 Sat?

A

95-100%

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6
Q

Respiratory acidosis is _________ PaCO2?

A

High

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7
Q

Respiratory alkalosis is _________ PaCO2?

A

Low PaCO2

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8
Q

Metabolic acidosis is _______ HCO3?

A

low

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9
Q

Metabolic alkalosis is _______ HCO3?

A

High

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10
Q

Metabolic acidosis diagnostic findings

A

Hyperkalemia, high RR

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11
Q

Management of metabolic acidosis?

A

Administer HCO3 as ordered
Monitor K+ levels
Hemodynamics
Cardiac status

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12
Q

Normal Na?

A

135-145

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13
Q

Normal K?

A

3.5-5

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14
Q

Normal Cl?

A

95-105

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15
Q

Normal anion gap as in metabolic acidosis?

if potassium is included in equation

A

8-12

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16
Q

Uncompensated is when

A

either PaCO2 or HCO3 is normal and the other is abnormal

17
Q

Partially compensated is when

A

All 3 values are abnormal

18
Q

Fully compensated is when

A

pH is normal

19
Q

Metabolic Acidosis diagnostic findings ?

A

Hypoventilation
Hypoxemia
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia

20
Q

Management for metabolic alkalosis?

A

Monitor I&O, electrolytes
Administer IVF (NaCl) as ordered
* Cl = for kidneys to absorb sodium + allow excess excretion of HCO3
Administer KCL as ordered
Administer cimetidine (Tagamet)
- H2 receptor blocker; reduce produc of HCl acid; GIVEN BEFORE MEALS

21
Q

Respi acidosis Dx findings?

A

Hyperkalemia

22
Q

Respi acidosis mgmt

A

Pulmonary hygiene (clear secretions)
Adequate hydration (2-3L/day)
Bronchodilators
Abx
Thrombolytics or anticoagulants
Mechvent

23
Q

Respi alkalosis Dx findings

A

Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia

24
Q

Respi alkalosis mgmt

A

Manage anxiety; breathe into closed system
Administer sedatives as ordered
Reduce RR
Slow DBE

25
Q

Respi acidosis cause?

A

Hypoventilation

26
Q

Respi alkalosis cause?

A

Hyperventilation

27
Q

Carbonic acid in respi acidosis vs alkalosis

A

D: Increased
K: Decreased

28
Q

Respi acidosis compensatory mech

A
  • kidney excretes H+
  • increased serum/reabsorbs HCO3
  • K+ levels increase
29
Q

Resp alkalosis compensatory mech

A
  • kidney retains H+
  • decreased serum/increased excretion of HCO3
  • K+ levels decrease
30
Q

Manifestations of respi acidosis

A

Kussmaul’s respiration, fruity breath, lethargy, confusion, headache, n/v, flushed skin, twitching

31
Q

Manifestations of respi alkalosis?

A

Paresthesia, numbness, tingling lightheadedness, confusion, tetany, and LOC (severe)

32
Q

Cause of metabolic acidosis?

A

Increased metabolic acids (lactic, ketoacidosis)
affectation are the kidneys

33
Q

Cause of metabolic alkalosis?

A
  • Decreased acid (stomach [vomiting] /kidneys)
  • Chloride and bicarbonate compete for Na; decreased chloride; increased bicarbonate causing stimulation of chemoreceptors lowering RR
34
Q

S/sx of metab acidosis

A

Kussmaul’s respiration, fruity breath, lethargy, confusion, headache, n/v, flushed skin, twitching
(cerebral vasodilation)

35
Q

S/sx of metab alkalosis

A

Paresthesia, n/v, seizures, carpopedal spasm, decreased RR (compensation), confusion, low K+ (hypokalemia) and Ca+ (hypocalcemia), ECG changes in hypokalemia

36
Q

Compensatory mech for metab acidosis

A

Lungs blow off CO2
Increased RR (hyperventilation)

37
Q

Compensatory mech for metab alkalosis

A

Lungs decrease RR to retain CO2 (hypoventilation)

38
Q

Mgmt for metab acidosis

A

Maintain safety, hemodynamics, cardiac status

39
Q

Mgmt for metab alkalosis

A

Monitor RR, auscultate lungs, hydration, I/O , electrolytes

MS LEC MONTHLYS (7 decks)

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