ABG Flashcards
Normal pH value?
7.35 to 7.45
Normal PaCO2 value?
35 to 45 mmHg
Normal HCO3 value?
22 to 26 mEq/L
Normal PaO2 values?
70-100 mmHg
Normal O2 Sat?
95-100%
Respiratory acidosis is _________ PaCO2?
High
Respiratory alkalosis is _________ PaCO2?
Low PaCO2
Metabolic acidosis is _______ HCO3?
low
Metabolic alkalosis is _______ HCO3?
High
Metabolic acidosis diagnostic findings
Hyperkalemia, high RR
Management of metabolic acidosis?
Administer HCO3 as ordered
Monitor K+ levels
Hemodynamics
Cardiac status
Normal Na?
135-145
Normal K?
3.5-5
Normal Cl?
95-105
Normal anion gap as in metabolic acidosis?
if potassium is included in equation
8-12
Uncompensated is when
either PaCO2 or HCO3 is normal and the other is abnormal
Partially compensated is when
All 3 values are abnormal
Fully compensated is when
pH is normal
Metabolic Acidosis diagnostic findings ?
Hypoventilation
Hypoxemia
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Management for metabolic alkalosis?
Monitor I&O, electrolytes
Administer IVF (NaCl) as ordered
* Cl = for kidneys to absorb sodium + allow excess excretion of HCO3
Administer KCL as ordered
Administer cimetidine (Tagamet)
- H2 receptor blocker; reduce produc of HCl acid; GIVEN BEFORE MEALS
Respi acidosis Dx findings?
Hyperkalemia
Respi acidosis mgmt
Pulmonary hygiene (clear secretions)
Adequate hydration (2-3L/day)
Bronchodilators
Abx
Thrombolytics or anticoagulants
Mechvent
Respi alkalosis Dx findings
Hypokalemia, hypocalcemia
Respi alkalosis mgmt
Manage anxiety; breathe into closed system
Administer sedatives as ordered
Reduce RR
Slow DBE
Respi acidosis cause?
Hypoventilation
Respi alkalosis cause?
Hyperventilation
Carbonic acid in respi acidosis vs alkalosis
D: Increased
K: Decreased
Respi acidosis compensatory mech
- kidney excretes H+
- increased serum/reabsorbs HCO3
- K+ levels increase
Resp alkalosis compensatory mech
- kidney retains H+
- decreased serum/increased excretion of HCO3
- K+ levels decrease
Manifestations of respi acidosis
Kussmaul’s respiration, fruity breath, lethargy, confusion, headache, n/v, flushed skin, twitching
Manifestations of respi alkalosis?
Paresthesia, numbness, tingling lightheadedness, confusion, tetany, and LOC (severe)
Cause of metabolic acidosis?
Increased metabolic acids (lactic, ketoacidosis)
affectation are the kidneys
Cause of metabolic alkalosis?
- Decreased acid (stomach [vomiting] /kidneys)
- Chloride and bicarbonate compete for Na; decreased chloride; increased bicarbonate causing stimulation of chemoreceptors lowering RR
S/sx of metab acidosis
Kussmaul’s respiration, fruity breath, lethargy, confusion, headache, n/v, flushed skin, twitching
(cerebral vasodilation)
S/sx of metab alkalosis
Paresthesia, n/v, seizures, carpopedal spasm, decreased RR (compensation), confusion, low K+ (hypokalemia) and Ca+ (hypocalcemia), ECG changes in hypokalemia
Compensatory mech for metab acidosis
Lungs blow off CO2
Increased RR (hyperventilation)
Compensatory mech for metab alkalosis
Lungs decrease RR to retain CO2 (hypoventilation)
Mgmt for metab acidosis
Maintain safety, hemodynamics, cardiac status
Mgmt for metab alkalosis
Monitor RR, auscultate lungs, hydration, I/O , electrolytes
