ABG Flashcards
What is the substance that acts as a chemical sponge because it soaks up or releases __
Buffer
Hydrogen ions
What is the Henderson Hasselbalch Equation?
The higher the H ions, the lower the number
Lower pH = ___
Higher pH = ____
ACIDIC
ALKALINE
Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is formed from what?
Carbon dioxide and water
Which is faster? The lungs or the kidneys? Why?
The lungs can correct the buffer system in mins-hrs because it uses CO2
The kidneys take hrs-days because it uses bicarbonate/HCO3
Define the phosphatase and protein buffer system
Phosphatase: active in kidneys
Protein: involves hgb (hemoglobin)
We have no means to control the phosphatase and
protein buffer systems since they are i____ and r____
Instantaneous
Reflexive
Explain the respiratory control of pH (arrows)
The lower the pH (acid) = higher RR, higher CO2 = ALK
The higher the pH (alk) = lower RR, lower CO2 = ACID
What part of the brain monitors the respiratory control of pH?
Brainstem
(T/F) Kidneys are more of the short term maintenance of acid-base balance
FALSE, kidneys are more of long term maintenance
ABG Analysis is obtained from ____ drawn blood
arterially
Blood is taken from the ____ artery
right
Which of the following is true:
A. Blood does not have to be immediately brought to the laboratory
B. Use an ice bag to maintain natural levels
C. Pull the syringe plunger when drawing blood
B
The earth receives _% of O2
21
Provide the normal values of the ff:
- pH
- pO2
- pCO2
- HCO3
pH: 7.35-7.45
pO2: 80-100 mmHg
pCO2: 35-45 mmHg
HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L
How can we see the effects of uncompensated metabolic acidosis on a patient?
Since it is a metabolic problem, refer to respi control:
The patient’s RR will increase to blow excess CO2 to compensate and become more alkaline
Ex: Kussmaul breathing
What happens during metabolic acidosis? Give at least 3 (HDT)
Hyperkalemia (H in, K out) Dysrhythmias Tachypnea Lethargy Confusion
What happens during metabolic alkalosis? (3, HIN)
Hypokalemia (H out, K in)
Irritability
Numbness or tingling
When is an ABG taken? (3, IOU)
After getting intubated
After receiving oxygen
Unconscious, suspected metabolic cause
Why is it important to get baseline before ABG?
To assess if body has compensated or not
To evaluate effectiveness of intervention
Match the ff
- deficit in HCO3
- excess in HCO3
A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Metabolic acidosis
1B - aciD = Deficit
2A - alKalosis = exCess
Directly proportional
Give at least 3 causes of metabolic acidosis (SRD)
Starvation Diabetic ketoacidosis Renal tubular acidosis Renal failure Diarrhea Shock Use of drugs
Match the ff interventions
MD = metabolic acidosis
MK = metabolic alkalosis
- Administer sodium bicarbonate as ordered
- Breathing into paper bag
- Alkaline mouthwash
- Lubricate lips
- Sedation as ordered
- Seizure precautions
- Mechanical ventilation
- MD
- MK
- MD
- MD
- MK
- MD
- MK
Give at least 3 causes of metabolic alkalosis (VSD)
Excess vomiting (lose H) Hypercalcemia Prolonged GI suctioning Cushing’s syndrome Hyperaldosteronism Use of drugs
Match the ff
- deficit in H2CO3
- excess in H2CO3
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
1A 2B (bicarbonate = carbonic acid = higher = acidic)
Give at least 3 causes of respiratory acidosis (PRO)
Pneumonia Respiratory failure Atelectasis Drug overdose Paralysis of respiratory system Traumatic injuries Obesity Airway obstruction Head injuries CVA or stroke Drowning Cystic fibrosis
(T/F) Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis/alkalosis are similar to the signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis/alkalosis
TRUE
Match the ff interventions
RD = respiratory acidosis
RK = respiratory alkalosis
- Semi-fowlers
- Breath holding/paper bag
- Deep breathing
- Postural drainage
- Low conc. O2 therapy
- Sedation
- RD
- RK
- RD
- RD
- RD
- RK
Give at least 3 causes of respiratory alkalosis (AAA)
Anxiety Fear Anemia Hypermetabolic states Disorders of the CNS Use of drugs Asthma Pneumonia
