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Medical Surgical Nursing - First Sem > ABG > Flashcards

ABG Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the substance that acts as a chemical sponge because it soaks up or releases __

A

Buffer

Hydrogen ions

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2
Q

What is the Henderson Hasselbalch Equation?

A

The higher the H ions, the lower the number

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3
Q

Lower pH = ___

Higher pH = ____

A

ACIDIC

ALKALINE

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4
Q

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) is formed from what?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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5
Q

Which is faster? The lungs or the kidneys? Why?

A

The lungs can correct the buffer system in mins-hrs because it uses CO2

The kidneys take hrs-days because it uses bicarbonate/HCO3

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6
Q

Define the phosphatase and protein buffer system

A

Phosphatase: active in kidneys
Protein: involves hgb (hemoglobin)

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7
Q

We have no means to control the phosphatase and

protein buffer systems since they are i____ and r____

A

Instantaneous

Reflexive

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8
Q

Explain the respiratory control of pH (arrows)

A

The lower the pH (acid) = higher RR, higher CO2 = ALK

The higher the pH (alk) = lower RR, lower CO2 = ACID

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9
Q

What part of the brain monitors the respiratory control of pH?

A

Brainstem

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10
Q

(T/F) Kidneys are more of the short term maintenance of acid-base balance

A

FALSE, kidneys are more of long term maintenance

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11
Q

ABG Analysis is obtained from ____ drawn blood

A

arterially

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12
Q

Blood is taken from the ____ artery

A

right

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13
Q

Which of the following is true:
A. Blood does not have to be immediately brought to the laboratory
B. Use an ice bag to maintain natural levels
C. Pull the syringe plunger when drawing blood

A

B

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14
Q

The earth receives _% of O2

A

21

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15
Q

Provide the normal values of the ff:

  1. pH
  2. pO2
  3. pCO2
  4. HCO3
A

pH: 7.35-7.45
pO2: 80-100 mmHg
pCO2: 35-45 mmHg
HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L

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16
Q

How can we see the effects of uncompensated metabolic acidosis on a patient?

A

Since it is a metabolic problem, refer to respi control:

The patient’s RR will increase to blow excess CO2 to compensate and become more alkaline

Ex: Kussmaul breathing

17
Q

What happens during metabolic acidosis? Give at least 3 (HDT)

A 
Hyperkalemia (H in, K out)
Dysrhythmias
Tachypnea 
Lethargy
Confusion
18
Q

What happens during metabolic alkalosis? (3, HIN)

A

Hypokalemia (H out, K in)
Irritability
Numbness or tingling

19
Q

When is an ABG taken? (3, IOU)

A

After getting intubated
After receiving oxygen
Unconscious, suspected metabolic cause

20
Q

Why is it important to get baseline before ABG?

A

To assess if body has compensated or not

To evaluate effectiveness of intervention

21
Q

Match the ff

  1. deficit in HCO3
  2. excess in HCO3

A. Metabolic alkalosis
B. Metabolic acidosis

A

1B - aciD = Deficit
2A - alKalosis = exCess

Directly proportional

22
Q

Give at least 3 causes of metabolic acidosis (SRD)

A 
Starvation
Diabetic ketoacidosis 
Renal tubular acidosis
Renal failure
Diarrhea
Shock
Use of drugs
23
Q

Match the ff interventions
MD = metabolic acidosis
MK = metabolic alkalosis

  1. Administer sodium bicarbonate as ordered
  2. Breathing into paper bag
  3. Alkaline mouthwash
  4. Lubricate lips
  5. Sedation as ordered
  6. Seizure precautions
  7. Mechanical ventilation
A
  1. MD
  2. MK
  3. MD
  4. MD
  5. MK
  6. MD
  7. MK
24
Q

Give at least 3 causes of metabolic alkalosis (VSD)

A 
Excess vomiting (lose H)
Hypercalcemia
Prolonged GI suctioning
Cushing’s syndrome Hyperaldosteronism 
Use of drugs
25
Q

Match the ff

  1. deficit in H2CO3
  2. excess in H2CO3

A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis

A 
1A 
2B (bicarbonate = carbonic acid = higher = acidic)
26
Q

Give at least 3 causes of respiratory acidosis (PRO)

A 
Pneumonia
Respiratory failure
Atelectasis 
Drug overdose 
Paralysis of respiratory system
Traumatic injuries 
Obesity
Airway obstruction 
Head injuries
CVA or stroke
Drowning
Cystic fibrosis
27
Q

(T/F) Signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis/alkalosis are similar to the signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

A

TRUE

28
Q

Match the ff interventions
RD = respiratory acidosis
RK = respiratory alkalosis

  1. Semi-fowlers
  2. Breath holding/paper bag
  3. Deep breathing
  4. Postural drainage
  5. Low conc. O2 therapy
  6. Sedation
A
  1. RD
  2. RK
  3. RD
  4. RD
  5. RD
  6. RK
29
Q

Give at least 3 causes of respiratory alkalosis (AAA)

A 
Anxiety
Fear
Anemia
Hypermetabolic states
Disorders of the CNS
Use of drugs
Asthma 
Pneumonia

Medical Surgical Nursing - First Sem (9 decks)

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