Abdominopelvic Practice Qs

Question 1

During a vaginal delivery, the OBgyn does an episiotomy. Cut is directed posterolaterally. Which of the following muscles is most likely to be damaged?

External anal sphincter, ischiocavernosus, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, puborectalis

Answer 1

Puborectalis

Question 2

In which space are the erectile tissues found?

Camper’s fascia, Ischioanal fossa, Deep perineal space, Subcutaneous fat, superficial perineal space

Answer 2

Superficial perineal space

Question 3

Which of these structures travels through the prostate to the urethra?

Bulbourethral gland, Ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, ureters, seminal vesicles

Answer 3

Ejaculatory duct

Question 4

What does sperm from the rete testes and seminiferous tubules drain directly to?:

Ductus deferens, Efferent ductules, Epididymis, Ejaculatory duct, Urethra

Answer 4

Efferent ductules

Pathway:
Seminiferous tubules => rete testes => efferent ductules => epididymis => ductus deferens => seminal vesicles => ejaculatory duct => urethra

Question 5

What is the uterine artery a branch off of?

Answer 5

Internal iliac

Question 6

What is the internal pudendal a branch off of?

Answer 6

Internal iliac

Note:
It is next to the inferior gluteal artery.

Question 7

During open abd sx, you want to find and ligate the R ovarian vein. What does it drain to?

External iliac, IVC, internal iliac, left renal, right renal

Answer 7

IVC

Note:
The L ovarian vein would drain to the L renal vein first.

Question 8

During a vaginal hysterectomy you are removing the uterus and adnexa in the region of the fornix. The procedure is going smoothly and you take care to find and ligate the uterine arteries within what connective tissue structure?

Cardinal ligament, perineal membrane, pubocervical ligament, sacrocervical ligament, suspensory ligament of ovary

Answer 8

Cardinal ligament

Question 9

A 21-year-old woman presents to her family physician with a complaint of diffuse abdominal pain. Upon questioning she states that she has had a positive pregnancy test and her periods ceased about 2 months prior. Ultrasound demonstrates an ectopic pregnancy in the most distal portion of the oviduct, the:

Ampulla, Infundibulum, Isthmus, Mesosalpynx, Uretine portion

Answer 9

Infundibulum

Question 10

Name the urinary pathway backwards, starting at the urethra.

Answer 10

Urethra => urinary bladder => ureter => renal pelvis => major calyx => minor calyx

Question 11

What separates the paranephric fat and perinephric fat?

Peritoneum, renal capsule, renal fascia, thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 11

Renal fascia

Question 12

A 16-year-old female presents to your clinic with abdominopelvic pain that has been present for the last 4 days. She has an overgrowth of the inside lining of her uterus that has expanded into her abdominopelvic cavity. What is the proper name of the layer that has overgrown?

Endometrium, epimetrium, myometrium, parietal peritoneum, visceral peritoneum

Answer 12

Endometrium

Question 13

The medulla of the adrenal glands secretes:

Epi, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, serotonin

Answer 13

Epinephrine

Question 14

A uterus that bends posteriorly in the middle of its belly would be referred to as having:

Anteflexion, Anteversion, Retroflexion, Retroversion

Answer 14

Retroflexion

Question 15

Lymphatic fluid from the external iliac lymph nodes is most likely to flow to what set of lymph nodes?

Common iliac, deep inguinal, internal iliac, lumbar, superficial inguinal

Answer 15

Common iliac

Question 16

A 45-year-old man presents to your office in distress. He discovered a palpable lump on one of his testes and is very concerned about cancer. What set of lymph nodes would you suspect may have caught tumor cells if this is cancer that has metastasized?

Deep inguinal, external iliac, internal iliac, lumbar, superficial inguinal

Answer 16

Lumbar

Question 17

Visceral pain signals from the prostate will travel along which of the following pathways?

Gray rami communicantes
Sacral splanchnics
Pelvic splanchnics
Vagus
White rami communicantes

Answer 17

Pelvic splanchnics, as this is below the pelvic pain line. Above would have been sacral.

Question 18

Where are the post-ganglionic nerve cell bodies that supply sympathetic innervation to the ascending colon?

Aorticorenal, celiac, inferior mesenteric, superior mesenteric, T5-T9 IML, T10-T12 IML

Answer 18

Superior mesenteric (midgut)

Question 19

Congenital megacolon is due to failure of what nerve cells to migrate properly?

Posterior root ganglia
Postganglionic parasympathetics
Postganglionic sympathetics
Preganglionic parasympathetics
Preganglionic sympathetics

Answer 19

Postganglionic parasympathetics

Question 20

A 17-year-old male presents to your clinic and embarrassedly states that he experiences pain every time he ejaculates. Imaging studies shows stenosis of his ductus deferens. What embryonic structures formed in an aberrant way, leading to his condition?

Mesonephric ducts
Metanephric ducts
Paramesonephric ducts
Pronephric ducts

Answer 20

Mesonephric ducts

He is male, so no para. Pronephric rescinds. Metanephric is the kidneys.

Question 21

During preparation for surgery, a 40-year-old woman is discovered to have a kidney only on the right side. Her internal genitalia are normal. What structure failed to form on the left side, leading to the absence of a kidney?

Mesonephric duct
Mesonephros
Paramesopheric duct
Pronephric ducts
Ureteric bud

Answer 21

Ureteric bud

Question 22

A newborn infant is delivered in the hospital and seems normal. However, within two days the parents report that he seems to have discharge from the umbilicus. Examination shows that the discharge is urine. How would you characterize this?

Persistent cloaca
Uracheal fistula
Uracheal sinus
Vitelline fistula
Vitelline sinus

Answer 22

Uracheal fistula

Question 23

A child born with XY chromosomes but with androgen insensitivity will likely develop in what way?

Asexual
Hyperfeminine
Hypermasculine
Normal feminine
Normal masculine

Answer 23

Hyperfeminine

Genetic male, but insensitive to testosterone so puberty and general development affected post DHT-spike.

Question 24

Failure of the urethral folds to close in a female infant will result in:

Epispadias
Hypoplastic labia majora
Hypoplastic labia minora
Hypospadias
Normal genital appearance

Answer 24

Normal genital appearance.

In a male, this would cause hypospadias.