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Structure And Function 4-1 > Abdominal Walls > Flashcards

Abdominal Walls Flashcards

1
Q

Contents of the upper left quadrant

A 
Stomach
Jejunum
Proximal ilium
L1/2 trans Colon
L Colic Flexure
Superior L descending colon
Spleen
Pancreas (body and tail)
L Kidney
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2
Q

Lower Left Quadrant

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid Colon
L ureter
L Spermatic Cord

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3
Q

Lower Right Quadrant

A 
Ilium
Cecum
Appendix
Inferior ascending colon
R ureter
R spermatic cord
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4
Q

Right Upper Quadrant

A 
Stomach/pylorus
Duodenum
Superior ascending colon
Right colic fixture
R1/2 transverse colon
R Liver
Gallbladder
Head of pancreas
R Kidney
R adrenal gland
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5
Q

Where would the surface localization of acute appendicitis be found

A

McBurney’s pt. 1/3 of the way up a line between he right anterior superior iliac spine and the umbilicus

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6
Q

Where would the surface localization of acute diverticulitis

A

Left lower region

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7
Q

Where is the surface localization of acute pancreatitis

A

Epigastric region

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8
Q

Where is the surface localization of acute cholecystitis

A

Right hyppochondrial region

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9
Q

What are the layers of the anterior abdominal wall from superficial to deep

A
  1. Skin
  2. Superficial fascia
    A)fatty layer=campers layer
    B)membranous layer=scarpas layer
  3. Deep (investing) fascia
    -external oblique
    -internal oblique
    -transversus abdominus
  4. Transversalis fascia
  5. Extraperitoneal fat
  6. Parietal peritoneum

midline approach does not pierce muscles, but pierces the linea alba instead

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10
Q

Special features of campers fascia

A

Fatty layer of the superficial fascia

Contains the superficial epigastric vessels (enlarged in caput medusae)

Extends as superficial fascia in the thigh

Labia majora in females and dartos muscle in males

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11
Q

Special features is scarpas fascia

A

Membranous layer of the superficial fascia

Continues as colle’s fascia in the perineum/scrotum

Forms superficial fascia and fundiform ligament of the penis in males

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12
Q

What does the deep investing fascia continue as in the penis

A

The suspensatory ligament and the deep fascia

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13
Q 
External oblique
O
I 
A
N
A

O: ribs 5-12
I: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, ant1/2 of the iliac crest
A: flex and rotate the trunk, and compress and support the abdominal viscera
N: T7-T11 thoracoabdominal nerves and T12 subcostal

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14
Q 
Internal oblique
O
I
A
N
A

O: anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest and lateral 1/2 of the inguinal ligament
I: ribs 10-12, linea alba, and pubis via conjoint tendon (cremaster muscle)
A: flex, rotate compress, support
N: T7-T11 thracoabdominal, T12 subcostal, L1 iliohypogastric/inguinal

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15
Q 
Transversus abdominus
O
A
I
N
A

O: CC of ribs 7-12, iliac crest, and lateral 1/3 of the inguinal ligament
I: linea alba/aponeurosis of other muscles via conjoint tendon
A: flex, rotate, support, compress
N: T7-L1 as above

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16
Q 
Recurs abdominus
O
I
A
N
A

O: pubic symphysis/crest
I: xiphoid process and cc5-7
A: flex and compress
N: T7-T11 thoracoabdominal

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17
Q 
Pyramidalis
O
I
A
N
A

O: anterior surface of the pubis
I: linea alba below the umbilicus
A: tense the linea alba
N: T12 subcostal or L1

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18
Q 
Cremaster muscle
O
I
A
N
A

O: inguinal ligament as a continuation of the internal oblique
I: tubercle and crest of the pubis
A: elevates testis
N: L1/2 genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

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19
Q

Rectus sheath definition

A

Incomplete connective tissue envelope that surrounds each rectus abdominus muscle; formed by aponeuroses of the anterolateral muscles

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20
Q

What does the rectus sheath contain

A

Rectus abdominus/pyramidalis, superficial and inferior epigastric vessels, and the terminal ends of T7-12

21
Q

Arcuate line definition

A

Marks the change in fascia contributing to the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath. Occurs below the umbilicus at a point midway between the umbilicus and pubis

22
Q

What happens with the rectus sheath superior to the arcuate line

A

It is completely enclosed by the aponeurosis of the lateral muscles. Ant wall is made of the ext/internal oblique. Posterior wall is the internal oblique and the transversus abdominus aponeurosis
Rectus is completely enclosed superior to the arcuate line

23
Q

What happens inferior to the arcuate line

A

The aponeurosis of all three muscles pass anterior to the rectus abdominus muscle, so there is no posterior sheath. Below the line, the rectus abdominus is in direct contact with the transversalis fascia

24
Q

Arterial supply to the abdomen from the internal thoracic

A

Superior epigastric artery ad the musculophrenic artery

25
Q

Arterial supply to the abdomen from the aorta

A

Aorta gives off the posterior intercostal arteries and subcostal arteries

26
Q

Arterial supply to the abdomen from the external iliac artery

A

External iliac artery gives off the inferior epigastric artery as well as the Obturator, and deep circumflex artery

27
Q

Arterial supply tot he abdomen from the femoral artery

A

The femoral artey gives off the superficial epigastric artery and the superficial circumflex iliac artery

28
Q

What is significant about the superior and inferior. Epigastric arteries

A

They anastomose within the rectus sheath to form a connection between he subclavian artery and the external iliac artery. If the aorta becomes narrowed (coartication at the insertion of the ductus arteriosus) this is a viable blood supply

29
Q 
Thoracoabdominal nerve
Source
Br
Motor
Sense
A 
Thoracoabdominal
S:  ventral rami of SN. T7-11
B: lateral and anterior cutaneous brs
M: abdominal wall muscles
S: skin of the abdomen anterolaterally. T10 supplies the umbilical region
30
Q 
Subcostal nerves
S
B
M
S
A

S: ventral ramus of T12
b: lateral cutaneous br/anterior cutaneous br
M: muscles of the abdominal wall
S: skin of the anterolateral abdominal wall

31
Q 
Iliohypogastric nerve
S
B
M
S
A

S: lumbar plexus
B: lateral and anterior cutaneous br
M: muscles of the lower abdominal wall
S: skin of the lower abdominal wall and upper hip/thigh

32
Q 
Ilioinguinal nerve
S
B
M
S
A

S: lumbar plexus
B: anterior cutaneous (anterior labial/scrotal)
M: muscles of the lower abdominal wall
S: skin of the lower abdominal wall and the anterior scrotum/labium majorus

33
Q

Superior epigastric artery
S
B
S

A

S: internal thoracic
B: n/a
S: upper rectus abdominus/upper abdominal wall

34
Q

Musculophrenic artery
S
B
S

A

S: internal thoracic
B: ant intercostal
S: anterior diaphragm/ant intercostal spaces

35
Q

Posterior intercostal a
S
B
S

A

S: descending thoracic aorta (ics 3-11)
B: many
S: intercostal muscles. SC, vertebral column, deep back muscles, skin/fascia overlying the ics

36
Q

Superficial epigastric a
S
B
S

A

S: femoral artery
B: cutaneous
S: superficial facia and skin of the lower abdominal wall

37
Q

Superficial circumflex a
S
B
S

A

S: femoral a
B: None named
S: superficial fascia of the lower abdomen and thigh

38
Q

Deep circumflex iliac a
S
B
S

A

S: external iliac a
B: none named
S: iliacus muscle and the lower abdominal wall

39
Q

Inferior epigastric a
S
B
S

A

S: external iliac a
B: cremasteric a
S: lower rectus abdominus muscle and the lower abdominal wall

40
Q

Cremasteric a
S
B
S

A

S: inferior epigastric a
B: none named
S: cremaster m/ coverings of the spermatic cord

41
Q

Median umbilical fold

A

Located along the midline and connects the anterior abdominal wall and bladder.

Contains the obliterated urachus/allantoic duct

42
Q

Medial umbilical folds

A

Occur on each side of the midline to cover the obliterated umbilical arteries, running from the internal iliac artery to the umbilicus.

43
Q

Lateral umbilical folds

A

Not embryonic rudiments, folds cover the inferior epigastric vessels and will bleed if cut

44
Q

Capital medusae

A

Superficial epigastric veins become distended due to portal vein blockage or stenosis

45
Q

Congenital umbilcal hernia

A

Embryological basis: failure to the midgut to return to the abdominal cavity. Is present at birth

46
Q

Acquired infantile hernia

A

Small hernia that develops due to a defect in the linea alba and is aggravated by crying. Resolves in 3-5 years without treatment

47
Q

Acquired adult umbilical hernia

A

Common in females, fat people, pregnancy, weak abdominal wall. Also called a paraumbilical hernia. Protrudes through the linea alba in the region of the embilicus

48
Q

Epigastric hernia

A

Occurs through the linea alba above the umbilicus in the epigastric region

49
Q

Spigellian hernia

A

Occurs along the linea seilunaris in obese people. Usually occurs at or below the arcuate line

Structure And Function 4-1 (2 decks)

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