Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abdominal Anatomy > Abdominal Wall, Inguinal Region, Hernias > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall, Inguinal Region, Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the Abdomen

A

Sternum and Xiphoid Process
Costal Margin, costal cartilages, ribs
Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ASIS,
Public Symphysis, pubic tubercle, pubic ramus,
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, Sacrum, and pelvic bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What visceral structures are found in the abdomen

A

Stomach, duodenum, small intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, reproductive organs, abdominal vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 9 regions that the abdomen can be divided into

A

Right Hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac,
Right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar,
Right Iliac, Hypogastric, Left Iliac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two fascia found immediately below the skin and what are their characteristics

A

Camper’s fascia: fatty fascia

Scarpa’s fascia: membranous layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What muscles make up the posterior wall of the abdomen

A

Quadrates lumbers, posts major, iliac muscles

Post-vertebral muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What muscles make up the lateral wall of the abdomen

A

External Oblique
Internal Oblique
Transversalis Abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What muscles make up the anterior wall of the abdomen

A

The paired vertical rectus abdominal muscles within the rectus sheath.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an aponeurosis

A

Thin but strong fibrous sheet of tissue that replaces a tendon in muscles that are flat and sheet-like and have a wide area of attachment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some functions of the three sheet-like muscles

A

Compresses the abdomen and increases intra-abdominal pressure to aid expiration and evacuation of feces, urine, and parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the attachments of external oblique

A

Bottom 8 ribs, free posterior border, xiphoid prices, linea alba, pubic crest and tubercle, anterior 1/2 of iliac crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the direction of the external oblique muscle fibers

A

Infero-medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the inguinal ligament made and where does it attach

A

Formed by the rolling inwards of the lower aponeurotic border of the external oblique. It extends from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the attachments of the internal oblique; lateral and medial

A

Laterally: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, lateral 1/2 of inguinal ligament
Medially: lower 3 ribs and costal cartilages, xiphoid process, rectus sheath and conjoint tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State the direction of the internal oblique

A

Infero-laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the attachments of the transverse abdominus

A

Laterally: bottom 6 costal cartilages, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, lateral 1/2 of inguinal ligament
Medially: Xiphoid process, linea alba, pubic symphysis, conjoint tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Direction of transverses abdominis

A

Horizontally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the neurovascular bundle lie

A

Between internal oblique and transverses abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the points of attachment of rectus abdominis

A

5-7 costal cartilages, xiphoidprocess, pubic symphysis and pubic crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What structure divides the rectus abdominis into segments`

A

Transverse tendinous intersections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the rectus sheath formed by

A

Aponeurosis of three flat muscles

21
Q

What is the function of rectus abdominis

A

Flexor of the vertebral column

22
Q

Points of attachment of quadrates lumborum

A

Lower border of 12th rib
Transverse process of L5
Iliac crest

23
Q

Points of attachment for psoas major

A

All 5 lumbar vertebra

Lesser trochanter

24
Q

What plane carries the nervous and blood supply to abdominal wall

A

Neuromuscular plane - found between internal oblique and transverses abdominis

25
Q

Describe blood supply to rectus sheath

A

Superiorly: Blood supply comes from superior epigastric artery which is a branch of the internal thoracic
Inferiorly: Blood comes from inferior epigastric after which comes from External iliac artery.
Two arteries anastomose creating collateral circulation of abdominal aorta

26
Q

Which vessels supply flank muscles

A

Intercostal arteries 7-11
Subcostal artery
Lumbar arteries
Deep circumflex

27
Q

Which nerves supply abdominal wall

A

T7-L1

28
Q

What nerves supply abdominal muscles

A

EO: T7-L1
IO: T7-L1
TA: T7-L1

29
Q

What nerves supply rectus abdominis

A

T7-T12

30
Q

What is the difference in the innervation of the visceral and parietal peritoneum

A

The parietal peritoneum has the same segmental somatic sensory innervation as the abdominal wall
Visceral peritoneum has NO somatic sensory innervation

31
Q

Which three nerves innervate the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

Subcostal nerves(T12), ilioinguinal nerve (L1) Iliohypogastric (L1)

32
Q

Which nerves provide motor supply to quadrates lumborum, psoas major, and iliacus

A

Quadratus Lumborum: T12-L4
Psoas: L2-L4
Iliacus: L2-L4

33
Q

Where is the lumbar plexus formed

A

L1-L4

34
Q

Which line defines the border between the lymphatic drainage to different groups of lymph nodes?

A

Transumbilical plane

35
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament attach to the pelvis

A

ASIS and Pubic tubercle

36
Q

How long is the inguinal canal

A

4cm

37
Q

Are hernias more common in males or females

A

Males

38
Q

What are the contents of the Inguinal Canal

A

Males: Spermatic cord(Artery of ductus deferent, cremasteric artery, testicular artery, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, cremasteric nerve, autonomic nerve, Ductus dererens, pampiniform plexus, lymphatics) + Ilioinguinal Nerve

Female: Round ligament + Ilioinguinal Nerve

39
Q

At what stage do the testes usually enter the inguinal canal and drop into the scrotum

A

Testicular decent starts at week 7. Enters inguinal canal at week 28. Enters scrotum at week 32-36.

40
Q

What facts increase the risk of hernias in women

A

Age and pregnancies

41
Q

Where are the superficial and deep inguinal rings positioned

A

Superficial: Immediately above and medial to pubic tubercle
Deep: 1.5 cm above midpoint of inguinal ligament

42
Q

The superficial and deep inguinal rings are holes in which fascia/muscle

A

Superficial: EO
Deep: TF

43
Q

What is the conjoint tendon

A

The lowest fibers of IO and TA come together to form the Conjoint Tendon. Attached medially to the pubic crest

44
Q

What makes up the four walls of the Inguinal canal

A

Anterior: EO(the whole way) + IO(lateral third)
Posterior: TF + Conjoint tendon(medially)
Superior: IO + TF + Conjoint tendon(medially)
Inferior: Inguinal Ligament

45
Q

What region do direct hernias occur

A

Hesselbach’s Triangle - medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

46
Q

Where is the defect in indirect inguinal hernias positioned

A

Dilatation of the deep inguinal ring - lateral to inferior epigastric vessel

47
Q

What types of patients have direct hernias

A

Older patients - associated wth chronic straining and weak musculature.

48
Q

What types of patients have indirect hernias

A

Young adults and children

Abdominal Anatomy (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions