Abdominal wall and hernias Flashcards
Name the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep.
- Skin
- Fatty camper’s fascia
- Membranous Scarpa’s fascia
- Deep investing fascia
- Transversalis fascia
- Extraperitoneal fat
- Parietal peritoneum
Anterolateral abdominal muscles: name 3 flat muscles
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominal muscle
Anterolateral abdominal muscles: name two vertical muscles
Rectus abdominis
Pyramidalis
External oblique, name:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Innervation
- Function
Inferomedial fibres
- outer surfaces of ribs 4-12
- iliac crest and linea alba
- anterior rami of T7-12
- compression of abdominal contents & flexion of trunk to same side
Internal oblique, name:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Innervation
- Function
Superomedial fibres
- Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligaments
- Ribs 8-12, linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line
- ant rami T7-12, L1
- compression of abdominal contents and flexion of trunk to same side
Transverse abdominalis, name:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Innervation
- Function
Transverse fibres
- Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, cc of ribs 7-12
- T7-12, L1
- linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line
- compression of abdom contents
Rectus abdominis, name:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Innervation
- Function
6 pack hoz sep by tendinous intersections and vert linea alba
- Pubic tubercle, crest, symphysis
- Xiphoid process and cc of ribs 7-12
- T7-12
- Compression of abdom components, flex vertebral column
Pyramidalis, name:
- Origin
- Insertion
- Innervation
- Function
Tiny triangle inferior and anterior to rectus abdominis
- Pubis + pubic tubercle
- linea alba
- T12
- Tense linea alba
Describe the rectus sheath
upper 3/4 of rectus abdominis fully enclosed.
Ant: apo of eo and half of io, post: half of io and transversalis
lower 1/4: ant: all 3, post: bare, post arcuate line where transverse fascia and rectus abdom meet
Name the boundaries of the inguinal canal
External oblique aponeurosis rolls over and forms canal
Floor: inguinal ligament
Post wall: conjoint tendon (tendons of transverse abdominis)
Ant wall: aponeurosis of e.o.
Contents of M/F inguinal canal
Both: blood and lymphatic vessels, ilioinguinal nerve
Male: spermatic cord, female: round ligament of uterus
Define hernia
Protrusion of parietal peritoneum or abdom viscera through weaking in abdom wall
Types of hernia
Inguinal (men)- direct- post wall of canal, lat to epigastric vessels, superior only
indirect: deep superficial, med to inf epi vessels
