Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Rectus abdominis Origin (lateral and medial head)

Answer 1

Lateral Head: Crest of pubis to pubic tubercle

Medial Head: Anterior region of pubic symphysis

Question 2

Rectus abdominis insertion

Answer 2

Cartilages of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process of sternum

Question 3

Rectus abdominis innervation

Answer 3

Intercostal n. T5-T12

Question 4

Rectus abdominis action

Answer 4

flexes trunk, compresses abdomen, stabilizes pelvis

Question 5

External oblique origin

Answer 5

ribs 5 to 12

Question 6

external oblique insertion

Answer 6

linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior iliac crest

Question 7

External oblique innervation

Answer 7

Intercostal n. T7-T12

Question 8

External and Internal Oblique Action

Answer 8

Unilateral: bends trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side

Bilateral: Flexes trunk, compresses abdomen, stabilizes pelvis

Question 9

Internal oblique origin

Answer 9

Thoracolumbar fascia (deep), iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, iliopsoas fascia

Question 10

Internal oblique insertion

Answer 10

Ribs 10-12 (lower borders), linea alba

Question 11

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis innervation

Answer 11

Intercostal n. T7-T12
iliohypogastric n.
ilioinguinal

Question 12

Transversus abdominis origin

Answer 12

costal cartilage 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia (deep), iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, iliopsoas fascia

Question 13

Transversus abdominis insertion

Answer 13

linea alba, pubic crest

Question 14

Transversus abdominis action

Answer 14

Unilateral: Rotates trunk to same side

Bilateral: compresses abdomen

Question 15

Psoas major superficial layer origin

Answer 15

T12-L4 vertebral bodies and associated intervertebral disks

Question 16

Psoas major deep layer origin

Answer 16

L1-L5

Question 17

Psoas major, minor, and iliacus common insertion

Answer 17

Lesser trochanter of femur, joint insertion as iliopsoas muscle

Question 18

Psoas Major innervation

Answer 18

Direct branches from lumbar plexus L2-L4

Question 19

Psoas Major action

Answer 19

Hip Joint: Flexion and external rotation of lumbar spine (with femur fixed)
Unilateral: Contraction bends trunk laterally
Bilateral: Contraction raises trunk from supine position

Question 20

Psoas minor origin

Answer 20

T12, L1 vertebrae and intervertebral disk

Question 21

Psoas minor innervation

Answer 21

Direct branches from lumbar plexus L2-L4

Question 22

Iliacus origin

Answer 22

iliac fossa

Question 23

iliacus innervation

Answer 23

Femoral n. L2-L4

Question 24

Quadratus lumborum origin

Answer 24

Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

Question 25

Quadratus lumborum insertion

Answer 25

12th rib, transverse processes of L1-L4 vertebrae

Question 26

Quadratus lumborum innervation

Answer 26

T12, L1-L4 spinal n.

Question 27

Quadratus lumborum action

Answer 27

Unilateral: bends trunk to same side Bilateral: Bearing down and expiration, stabilizes 12th rib

Question 28

diaphragm costal part origin

Answer 28

ribs 7-12 (inner surface; lower margin of costal arch)

Question 29

Diaphragm lumbar part origin

Answer 29

Medial part: L1-L3 vertebral bodies, intervertebral disks, and anterior longitudinal ligament as right and left crura Lateral part: lateral and medial arcuate ligaments

Question 30

Diaphragm sternal part origin

Answer 30

Xiphoid process (posterior surface)

Question 31

Diaphragm insertion

Answer 31

Central tendon

Question 32

Diaphragm innervation

Answer 32

Phrenic n. C3,4,5

Question 33

Diaphragm action

Answer 33

Main muscle in respiration; aids in compressing abdominal viscera

Question 34

Superficial transverse perineal origin

Answer 34

Ischial ramus

Question 35

Superficial transverse perineal insertion

Answer 35

Perineal body

Question 36

Superficial transverse perineal action

Answer 36

holds the pelvic organs in place, closes the urethra

Question 37

External anal sphincter origin/ insertion

Answer 37

encircles anus (runs posteriorly from perineal body to anococcygeal ligament

Question 38

External anal sphincter action

Answer 38

closes anus

Question 39

External urethral sphincter origin/insertion

Answer 39

encircles urethra (division of deep transverse perineal muscle)

Question 40

External urethral sphincter action

Answer 40

closes urethra

Question 41

Bulbospongiosus origin/insertion

Answer 41

Runs anteriorly from perineal body to clitoris or penile raphe

Question 42

Bulbospongiosus action

Answer 42

females: compresses greater vestibular gland males: assists in erection

Question 43

Ischiocavernous origin

Answer 43

Ischial ramus

Question 44

Ischiocavernous insertion

Answer 44

Crus of clitoris or penis

Question 45

Ischiocavernous action

Answer 45

Maintains erection by squeezing blood into corpus cavernosum of clitoris or penis

Question 46

Superficial/Deep transverse perineal, external anal/urethral sphincter, bulbospongiosus, and ischiocavernous innervation

Answer 46

Pudendal n. S2-S4

Question 47

Iliacus action

Answer 47

Flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint; acts w/ psoas major

Question 48

Psoas minor action

Answer 48

weak trunk flexor

Question 49

Psoas minor insertion

Answer 49

Pecten pubis, iliopubic ramus, iliac fascia, lowermost fibers may reach inguinal ligament